Which of the following species has `sp^(3)` hybridisation.

Options

A. `overset(.)(C)H_(3)`
B. `overset(.)(C)F_(3)`
C. `ClO_(2)`
D. none of these

Answer

To determine which of the given species has `sp^3` hybridization, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand `sp^3` Hybridization
`sp^3` hybridization occurs when one s orbital and three p orbitals mix to form four equivalent hybrid orbitals. This results in a tetrahedral geometry with bond angles of approximately 109.5 degrees. In some cases, if there are lone pairs, the shape can be pyramidal or bent.

### Step 2: Analyze Each Species
We will analyze the hybridization of each species provided in the question: CH3, CF3, ClO2.

#### a) CH3 (Methyl Group)
1. **Count Valence Electrons**: Carbon has 4 valence electrons, and each hydrogen has 1. Therefore, CH3 has a total of 4 + 3(1) = 7 valence electrons.
2. **Determine Hybridization**: The carbon atom in CH3 forms four bonds (three with hydrogen and one with itself), which suggests `sp^3` hybridization.
3. **Shape**: The shape is pyramidal due to the presence of the hydrogen atoms.

#### b) CF3 (Trifluoromethyl Group)
1. **Count Valence Electrons**: Carbon has 4 valence electrons, and each fluorine has 7. Therefore, CF3 has a total of 4 + 3(7) = 25 valence electrons.
2. **Determine Hybridization**: The carbon atom in CF3 forms three bonds with fluorine atoms and has no lone pairs. This suggests `sp^2` hybridization, resulting in a trigonal planar shape.
3. **Shape**: The shape is planar.

#### c) ClO2 (Chlorine Dioxide)
1. **Count Valence Electrons**: Chlorine has 7 valence electrons, and each oxygen has 6. Therefore, ClO2 has a total of 7 + 2(6) = 19 valence electrons.
2. **Determine Hybridization**: The chlorine atom forms two double bonds with oxygen atoms and has one lone pair. This suggests `sp^2` hybridization.
3. **Shape**: The shape is bent due to the presence of the lone pair.

### Step 3: Conclusion
From the analysis:
- **CH3** is `sp^3` hybridized.
- **CF3** is `sp^2` hybridized.
- **ClO2** is `sp^2` hybridized.

Thus, the only species with `sp^3` hybridization is **CH3**.

### Final Answer
The species that has `sp^3` hybridization is **CH3**.

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