Statement-I : Nitration of toluene is easier than benzene
Because
Staement-II : The methyl group in touene is electron-releasing

Options

A. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True : Statement-II is a correct explanation for Statement-I
B. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True : Statement-II is `NOT` a correct explanation for Statement-I
C. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False.
D. Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True.

Answer

To analyze the statements provided in the question, we will break down the reasoning step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Nitration**:
- Nitration is a chemical reaction that introduces a nitro group (NO2) into an organic compound. In aromatic compounds, this reaction is typically carried out using a mixture of concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) and concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

2. **Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution**:
- The nitration of aromatic compounds like benzene and toluene is an example of electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS). In this process, the electrophile (NO2+) attacks the aromatic ring, replacing one hydrogen atom.

3. **Comparing Toluene and Benzene**:
- Benzene is a simple aromatic compound with no substituents, while toluene has a methyl group (CH3) attached to it. The presence of the methyl group in toluene affects its reactivity towards electrophiles.

4. **Role of the Methyl Group**:
- The methyl group is an electron-donating group. It releases electrons into the aromatic ring, which increases the electron density. This makes the ring more reactive towards electrophiles like the nitronium ion (NO2+).

5. **Ortho and Para Directing Effect**:
- The methyl group directs incoming electrophiles to the ortho and para positions relative to itself. This means that during nitration, toluene can form products at both the ortho and para positions, leading to a mixture of products.

6. **Conclusion**:
- Since the methyl group activates the aromatic ring and makes it more reactive towards nitration compared to benzene, we conclude that the nitration of toluene is indeed easier than that of benzene.
- Therefore, both statements are true: Statement I is true (nitration of toluene is easier than benzene) and Statement II is true (the methyl group is electron-releasing).

### Final Answer:
- Statement I: True
- Statement II: True
- Statement II is the correct explanation for Statement I.

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