Statement-I: Benzoic acid on nitration will give m- nitro benzoic
acid. Because
Statement-II: -COOH group will increase `e^(-)` density on
meta position.

Options

A. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True : Statement-II is a correct explanation for Statement-I
B. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True : Statement-II is `NOT` a correct explanation for Statement-I
C. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False.
D. Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True.

Answer

To solve the question, we need to analyze both statements regarding the nitration of benzoic acid and the effects of the -COOH group on the benzene ring.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Nitration**:
- Nitration involves the introduction of a nitro group (-NO2) into an aromatic compound. In this case, we are nitrating benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) using a nitrating mixture of concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) and concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

2. **Identifying the Functional Group**:
- The functional group present in benzoic acid is the carboxylic acid group (-COOH). This group is known to be an electron-withdrawing group due to its electronegative oxygen atoms.

3. **Effect of -COOH on the Benzene Ring**:
- Electron-withdrawing groups decrease the electron density on the aromatic ring. This affects the positions where electrophilic substitution can occur. In this case, the -COOH group will decrease the electron density at the ortho (2-position) and para (4-position) positions of the benzene ring.

4. **Directing Effects**:
- Since the -COOH group is an electron-withdrawing group, it will direct the incoming electrophile (the nitro group) to the meta position (3-position) of the benzene ring. This is because the ortho and para positions are less favorable due to the reduced electron density.

5. **Conclusion on the Statements**:
- **Statement-I**: "Benzoic acid on nitration will give m-nitrobenzoic acid." This statement is **true** because the nitro group will indeed be introduced at the meta position due to the electron-withdrawing nature of the -COOH group.
- **Statement-II**: "-COOH group will increase electron density on the meta position." This statement is **false** because the -COOH group actually decreases the electron density on the entire ring, including the meta position.

6. **Final Answer**:
- Statement-I is true, and Statement-II is false.