Which have maximum number of lone pair on central atom :-

Options

A. `SO_(2)`
B. `SCl_(2)`
C. `XeF_(2)`
D. `XeO_(2)F_(2)`

Answer

To determine which molecule has the maximum number of lone pairs on the central atom, we will analyze each compound step by step.

### Step 1: Analyze SO2
- **Structure**: SO2 (sulfur dioxide) has sulfur (S) as the central atom.
- **Lone Pairs**: Sulfur has 6 valence electrons. In SO2, it forms two double bonds with oxygen atoms, using 4 of its electrons. Therefore, it has:
\[ \text{Lone pairs on S} = 6 - 4 = 2 \text{ (1 lone pair)} \]

### Step 2: Analyze Cl2
- **Structure**: Cl2 (chlorine gas) has chlorine (Cl) as the central atom.
- **Lone Pairs**: Each chlorine atom has 7 valence electrons. In Cl2, each chlorine atom forms a single bond with another chlorine atom, using 1 electron from each. Therefore, each chlorine has:
\[ \text{Lone pairs on Cl} = 7 - 1 = 6 \text{ (3 lone pairs)} \]
However, since we are considering the central atom in a diatomic molecule, it is treated as having 0 lone pairs.

### Step 3: Analyze XeF2
- **Structure**: XeF2 (xenon difluoride) has xenon (Xe) as the central atom.
- **Lone Pairs**: Xenon has 8 valence electrons. In XeF2, it forms 2 single bonds with fluorine atoms, using 2 electrons. Therefore, it has:
\[ \text{Lone pairs on Xe} = 8 - 2 = 6 \text{ (3 lone pairs)} \]

### Step 4: Analyze XeO2F2
- **Structure**: XeO2F2 (xenon oxydifluoride) has xenon (Xe) as the central atom.
- **Lone Pairs**: Xenon has 8 valence electrons. In XeO2F2, it forms 2 double bonds with oxygen and 2 single bonds with fluorine, using 4 electrons for the double bonds and 2 for the single bonds. Therefore, it has:
\[ \text{Lone pairs on Xe} = 8 - 6 = 2 \text{ (1 lone pair)} \]

### Conclusion
After analyzing all the compounds:
- SO2: 1 lone pair
- Cl2: 0 lone pairs
- XeF2: 3 lone pairs
- XeO2F2: 1 lone pair

The molecule with the maximum number of lone pairs on the central atom is **XeF2**, which has **3 lone pairs**.

### Final Answer
**XeF2 has the maximum number of lone pairs on the central atom, which is 3.**

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