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The compound with no dipole moment is...

The compound with no dipole moment is

A

methyl chloride

B

carbon tetrachloride

C

methylene chloride

D

chloroform

Text Solution

AI Generated Solution

The correct Answer is:
To determine which compound has no dipole moment among methyl chloride (CH3Cl), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), methylene chloride (CH2Cl2), and chloroform (CHCl3), we can analyze the molecular structures and their symmetry. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understanding Dipole Moment:** - A dipole moment occurs when there is a separation of charge in a molecule, resulting from differences in electronegativity between atoms. The dipole moment is a vector quantity, having both magnitude and direction. 2. **Analyzing Methyl Chloride (CH3Cl):** - Structure: Methyl chloride has a tetrahedral geometry due to the sp3 hybridization of carbon. - Dipole: The C-Cl bond is polar because chlorine is more electronegative than carbon. The dipole moments from the C-H bonds do not cancel the C-Cl dipole, resulting in a net dipole moment. Thus, CH3Cl has a non-zero dipole moment. 3. **Analyzing Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4):** - Structure: Carbon tetrachloride also has a tetrahedral geometry. - Dipole: Although each C-Cl bond is polar, the symmetry of the molecule means that the dipole moments cancel each other out. Therefore, CCl4 has a net dipole moment of zero. 4. **Analyzing Methylene Chloride (CH2Cl2):** - Structure: Methylene chloride has a tetrahedral geometry as well. - Dipole: The presence of two C-Cl bonds and two C-H bonds means that the dipole moments do not cancel completely. Thus, CH2Cl2 has a non-zero dipole moment. 5. **Analyzing Chloroform (CHCl3):** - Structure: Chloroform has a tetrahedral geometry. - Dipole: Similar to methylene chloride, chloroform has three C-Cl bonds and one C-H bond. The dipole moments do not cancel out completely, resulting in a non-zero dipole moment. 6. **Conclusion:** - Among the compounds analyzed, only carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) has no dipole moment due to its symmetrical structure, which allows for the cancellation of individual dipole moments. ### Final Answer: The compound with no dipole moment is **Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)**.
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