Which one of the following diseases does not affect the lower respiratory tract?

Options

A. Common cold
B. Emphysema
C. Bronchitis
D. Asthma

Answer

To determine which disease does not affect the lower respiratory tract, we need to analyze the options provided:

1. **Understanding the Lower Respiratory Tract**:
- The lower respiratory tract includes structures such as the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs (including alveoli).
- Diseases affecting this area typically involve inflammation or damage to these structures.

2. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **Option A: Common Cold**:
- The common cold primarily affects the upper respiratory tract, including the nasal passages and throat. It is caused by viral infections and does not typically involve the lungs or lower respiratory tract.
- **Option B: Emphysema**:
- Emphysema is a chronic lung condition that affects the alveoli (air sacs in the lungs), leading to breathing difficulties. It directly affects the lower respiratory tract.
- **Option C: Bronchitis**:
- Bronchitis involves inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which are part of the lower respiratory tract. Thus, it affects the lower respiratory tract.
- **Option D: Asthma**:
- Asthma is a condition that causes the airways to become inflamed and narrow, affecting the bronchi and bronchioles, which are also part of the lower respiratory tract.

3. **Conclusion**:
- After analyzing all the options, it is clear that the **common cold** is the only disease listed that does not affect the lower respiratory tract.
- Therefore, the correct answer is **Option A: Common Cold**.