Identify incorrect statement

Options

A. In aquatic environment, the sediment - characteristics determine the type of pelagic organisms that can live there
B. `p^(H)` and mineral composition of soil can determine the vegetation in any area
C. Pressure changes with depth in the ocean
D. Pressure in the water increases at the rate of 1 atmosphere per lam depth

Answer

To identify the incorrect statement from the provided options, we will analyze each statement step by step.

### Step 1: Analyze the First Statement
The first statement claims that in an aquatic environment, the sediment characteristics determine the type of pelagic organisms that can live there.

- **Understanding Sediments**: Sediments are materials that settle at the bottom of a body of water, often consisting of organic and inorganic matter.
- **Pelagic vs. Benthic**: Pelagic organisms live in the water column (open water), while benthic organisms live on or in the sediments at the bottom.

**Conclusion**: The first statement is incorrect because sediment characteristics actually determine the type of benthic organisms, not pelagic organisms.

### Step 2: Analyze the Second Statement
The second statement suggests that the pH and mineral composition of soil can determine the vegetation in the area.

- **Soil Composition**: The pH and mineral content of soil are crucial for plant growth as they influence nutrient availability.
- **Vegetation Growth**: Different plants thrive in different soil conditions, so this statement makes sense.

**Conclusion**: The second statement is correct.

### Step 3: Analyze the Third Statement
The third statement discusses pressure changes in the deep ocean.

- **Pressure Variation**: As one descends into the ocean, pressure increases due to the weight of the water above.
- **Understanding Pressure**: This is a well-established fact in oceanography.

**Conclusion**: The third statement is correct.

### Step 4: Analyze the Fourth Statement
The fourth statement states that pressure in water increases at the rate of one atmosphere per 10 meters of depth.

- **Pressure Increase Rate**: This is a known principle in physics and oceanography, where pressure increases approximately 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters of water depth.

**Conclusion**: The fourth statement is correct.

### Final Conclusion
After analyzing all statements, we find that the only incorrect statement is the first one. The correct answer to the question is that the first statement is incorrect because it should refer to benthic organisms instead of pelagic organisms.

### Summary of the Solution
- The first statement is incorrect: it should refer to benthic organisms, not pelagic.
- The second, third, and fourth statements are correct.