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Ecology at the level is essentially phy...

Ecology at the level is essentially physio- logical ecology which tries to understand how different organisms are adapted to their environments.

A

population

B

community

C

ecosystem

D

organism

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The correct Answer is:
To solve the question, we need to identify the level of ecology that focuses on how individual organisms adapt to their environments. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the solution: ### Step 1: Understand the Levels of Ecology Ecology can be studied at different levels: organism, population, community, and ecosystem. Each level focuses on different aspects of interactions and adaptations. ### Step 2: Define Physiological Ecology Physiological ecology is a branch of ecology that examines how organisms' physiological traits help them adapt to their environments. This includes adaptations for survival and reproduction. ### Step 3: Identify the Relevant Level The question specifies "ecology at the organism level," which aligns with physiological ecology. This level focuses on individual organisms and their adaptations to environmental conditions. ### Step 4: Analyze the Options - **Population**: This level studies groups of individuals of the same species and their interactions. - **Community**: This level looks at different species living together and their interactions. - **Ecosystem**: This level encompasses both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components of an environment. - **Organism**: This level focuses on individual organisms and their adaptations. ### Step 5: Select the Correct Answer Since the question is about understanding how different organisms adapt to their environments at the individual level, the correct answer is **organism**. ### Final Answer The correct answer is **organism**. ---
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Environmentalist Otters It has long been known that the sea otters (23) ul("living along the West Coast of North America help") keep kelp forests in their habitat healthy and vital. They do this by feeding on sea urchins and other herbivorous invertebrates that graze voraciously on kelp. With sea otters to keep the population of sea urchins in check, kelp forests can flourish. In fact, (24) ul("two years or less of sea otters can completely eliminate sea urchins") in a coastal area (see chart). Adapted from David O. Duggins, “Kelp Beds and Sea Otters: An Experimental Approach.” ©1980 by the Ecological Society of America. Without sea otters present, (25) ul("nevertheless") , kelp forests run the danger of becoming barren stretches of coastal wasteland known as urchin barrens. [1] What was less well-known, until recently at least, was how this relationship among sea otters, sea urchins, and kelp forests might help fight global warming. [2] The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased 40 percent (26) . [3] A recent study by two professors at the University of California, Santa Cruz, Chris Wilmers and James Estes, (27) ul("suggests, that") kelp forests protected by sea otters can absorb as much as twelve times the amount of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as those where sea urchins are allowed to (28) ul("devour") the kelp. [4] Like (29) ul("their") terrestrial plant cousins, kelp removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, turning it into sugar fuel through photosynthesis, and releases oxygen back into the air. [5] Scientists knew this but did not recognize (30) ul("how large a role they played") in helping kelp forests to significantly decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. [6] Far from making no difference to the ecosystem, the presence of otters was found to increase the carbon storage of kelp forests by 4.4 to 8.7 megatons annually, offsetting the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by three million to six million passenger cars each year. (31) Wilmers and Estes caution, however, that (32) ul("having more otters") will not automatically solve the problem of higher levels of carbon dioxide in the air. But they suggest that the presence of otters provides a good model of how carbon can be sequestered, (33) ul("or removed, from") the atmosphere through the management of animal populations. If ecologists can better understand what kinds of impacts animals might have on the environment, Wilmers contends, “there might be opportunities for win-win conservation scenarios, whereby animal species are protected or enhanced, and carbon gets sequestered.”

Environmentalist Otters It has long been known that the sea otters (23) ul("living along the West Coast of North America help") keep kelp forests in their habitat healthy and vital. They do this by feeding on sea urchins and other herbivorous invertebrates that graze voraciously on kelp. With sea otters to keep the population of sea urchins in check, kelp forests can flourish. In fact, (24) ul("two years or less of sea otters can completely eliminate sea urchins") in a coastal area (see chart). Adapted from David O. Duggins, “Kelp Beds and Sea Otters: An Experimental Approach.” ©1980 by the Ecological Society of America. Without sea otters present, (25) ul("nevertheless") , kelp forests run the danger of becoming barren stretches of coastal wasteland known as urchin barrens. [1] What was less well-known, until recently at least, was how this relationship among sea otters, sea urchins, and kelp forests might help fight global warming. [2] The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased 40 percent (26) . [3] A recent study by two professors at the University of California, Santa Cruz, Chris Wilmers and James Estes, (27) ul("suggests, that") kelp forests protected by sea otters can absorb as much as twelve times the amount of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as those where sea urchins are allowed to (28) ul("devour") the kelp. [4] Like (29) ul("their") terrestrial plant cousins, kelp removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, turning it into sugar fuel through photosynthesis, and releases oxygen back into the air. [5] Scientists knew this but did not recognize (30) ul("how large a role they played") in helping kelp forests to significantly decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. [6] Far from making no difference to the ecosystem, the presence of otters was found to increase the carbon storage of kelp forests by 4.4 to 8.7 megatons annually, offsetting the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by three million to six million passenger cars each year. (31) Wilmers and Estes caution, however, that (32) ul("having more otters") will not automatically solve the problem of higher levels of carbon dioxide in the air. But they suggest that the presence of otters provides a good model of how carbon can be sequestered, (33) ul("or removed, from") the atmosphere through the management of animal populations. If ecologists can better understand what kinds of impacts animals might have on the environment, Wilmers contends, “there might be opportunities for win-win conservation scenarios, whereby animal species are protected or enhanced, and carbon gets sequestered.”

Environmentalist Otters It has long been known that the sea otters (23) ul("living along the West Coast of North America help") keep kelp forests in their habitat healthy and vital. They do this by feeding on sea urchins and other herbivorous invertebrates that graze voraciously on kelp. With sea otters to keep the population of sea urchins in check, kelp forests can flourish. In fact, (24) ul("two years or less of sea otters can completely eliminate sea urchins") in a coastal area (see chart). Adapted from David O. Duggins, “Kelp Beds and Sea Otters: An Experimental Approach.” ©1980 by the Ecological Society of America. Without sea otters present, (25) ul("nevertheless") , kelp forests run the danger of becoming barren stretches of coastal wasteland known as urchin barrens. [1] What was less well-known, until recently at least, was how this relationship among sea otters, sea urchins, and kelp forests might help fight global warming. [2] The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased 40 percent (26) . [3] A recent study by two professors at the University of California, Santa Cruz, Chris Wilmers and James Estes, (27) ul("suggests, that") kelp forests protected by sea otters can absorb as much as twelve times the amount of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as those where sea urchins are allowed to (28) ul("devour") the kelp. [4] Like (29) ul("their") terrestrial plant cousins, kelp removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, turning it into sugar fuel through photosynthesis, and releases oxygen back into the air. [5] Scientists knew this but did not recognize (30) ul("how large a role they played") in helping kelp forests to significantly decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. [6] Far from making no difference to the ecosystem, the presence of otters was found to increase the carbon storage of kelp forests by 4.4 to 8.7 megatons annually, offsetting the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by three million to six million passenger cars each year. (31) Wilmers and Estes caution, however, that (32) ul("having more otters") will not automatically solve the problem of higher levels of carbon dioxide in the air. But they suggest that the presence of otters provides a good model of how carbon can be sequestered, (33) ul("or removed, from") the atmosphere through the management of animal populations. If ecologists can better understand what kinds of impacts animals might have on the environment, Wilmers contends, “there might be opportunities for win-win conservation scenarios, whereby animal species are protected or enhanced, and carbon gets sequestered.”

Environmentalist Otters It has long been known that the sea otters (23) ul("living along the West Coast of North America help") keep kelp forests in their habitat healthy and vital. They do this by feeding on sea urchins and other herbivorous invertebrates that graze voraciously on kelp. With sea otters to keep the population of sea urchins in check, kelp forests can flourish. In fact, (24) ul("two years or less of sea otters can completely eliminate sea urchins") in a coastal area (see chart). Adapted from David O. Duggins, “Kelp Beds and Sea Otters: An Experimental Approach.” ©1980 by the Ecological Society of America. Without sea otters present, (25) ul("nevertheless") , kelp forests run the danger of becoming barren stretches of coastal wasteland known as urchin barrens. [1] What was less well-known, until recently at least, was how this relationship among sea otters, sea urchins, and kelp forests might help fight global warming. [2] The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased 40 percent (26) . [3] A recent study by two professors at the University of California, Santa Cruz, Chris Wilmers and James Estes, (27) ul("suggests, that") kelp forests protected by sea otters can absorb as much as twelve times the amount of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as those where sea urchins are allowed to (28) ul("devour") the kelp. [4] Like (29) ul("their") terrestrial plant cousins, kelp removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, turning it into sugar fuel through photosynthesis, and releases oxygen back into the air. [5] Scientists knew this but did not recognize (30) ul("how large a role they played") in helping kelp forests to significantly decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. [6] Far from making no difference to the ecosystem, the presence of otters was found to increase the carbon storage of kelp forests by 4.4 to 8.7 megatons annually, offsetting the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by three million to six million passenger cars each year. (31) Wilmers and Estes caution, however, that (32) ul("having more otters") will not automatically solve the problem of higher levels of carbon dioxide in the air. But they suggest that the presence of otters provides a good model of how carbon can be sequestered, (33) ul("or removed, from") the atmosphere through the management of animal populations. If ecologists can better understand what kinds of impacts animals might have on the environment, Wilmers contends, “there might be opportunities for win-win conservation scenarios, whereby animal species are protected or enhanced, and carbon gets sequestered.” Where is the most logical place in this paragraph to add the following sentence? What Wilmers and Estes discovered in their study, therefore, surprised them.

Environmentalist Otters It has long been known that the sea otters (23) ul("living along the West Coast of North America help") keep kelp forests in their habitat healthy and vital. They do this by feeding on sea urchins and other herbivorous invertebrates that graze voraciously on kelp. With sea otters to keep the population of sea urchins in check, kelp forests can flourish. In fact, (24) ul("two years or less of sea otters can completely eliminate sea urchins") in a coastal area (see chart). Adapted from David O. Duggins, “Kelp Beds and Sea Otters: An Experimental Approach.” ©1980 by the Ecological Society of America. Without sea otters present, (25) ul("nevertheless") , kelp forests run the danger of becoming barren stretches of coastal wasteland known as urchin barrens. [1] What was less well-known, until recently at least, was how this relationship among sea otters, sea urchins, and kelp forests might help fight global warming. [2] The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased 40 percent (26) . [3] A recent study by two professors at the University of California, Santa Cruz, Chris Wilmers and James Estes, (27) ul("suggests, that") kelp forests protected by sea otters can absorb as much as twelve times the amount of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as those where sea urchins are allowed to (28) ul("devour") the kelp. [4] Like (29) ul("their") terrestrial plant cousins, kelp removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, turning it into sugar fuel through photosynthesis, and releases oxygen back into the air. [5] Scientists knew this but did not recognize (30) ul("how large a role they played") in helping kelp forests to significantly decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. [6] Far from making no difference to the ecosystem, the presence of otters was found to increase the carbon storage of kelp forests by 4.4 to 8.7 megatons annually, offsetting the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by three million to six million passenger cars each year. (31) Wilmers and Estes caution, however, that (32) ul("having more otters") will not automatically solve the problem of higher levels of carbon dioxide in the air. But they suggest that the presence of otters provides a good model of how carbon can be sequestered, (33) ul("or removed, from") the atmosphere through the management of animal populations. If ecologists can better understand what kinds of impacts animals might have on the environment, Wilmers contends, “there might be opportunities for win-win conservation scenarios, whereby animal species are protected or enhanced, and carbon gets sequestered.”

Environmentalist Otters It has long been known that the sea otters (23) ul("living along the West Coast of North America help") keep kelp forests in their habitat healthy and vital. They do this by feeding on sea urchins and other herbivorous invertebrates that graze voraciously on kelp. With sea otters to keep the population of sea urchins in check, kelp forests can flourish. In fact, (24) ul("two years or less of sea otters can completely eliminate sea urchins") in a coastal area (see chart). Adapted from David O. Duggins, “Kelp Beds and Sea Otters: An Experimental Approach.” ©1980 by the Ecological Society of America. Without sea otters present, (25) ul("nevertheless") , kelp forests run the danger of becoming barren stretches of coastal wasteland known as urchin barrens. [1] What was less well-known, until recently at least, was how this relationship among sea otters, sea urchins, and kelp forests might help fight global warming. [2] The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased 40 percent (26) . [3] A recent study by two professors at the University of California, Santa Cruz, Chris Wilmers and James Estes, (27) ul("suggests, that") kelp forests protected by sea otters can absorb as much as twelve times the amount of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as those where sea urchins are allowed to (28) ul("devour") the kelp. [4] Like (29) ul("their") terrestrial plant cousins, kelp removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, turning it into sugar fuel through photosynthesis, and releases oxygen back into the air. [5] Scientists knew this but did not recognize (30) ul("how large a role they played") in helping kelp forests to significantly decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. [6] Far from making no difference to the ecosystem, the presence of otters was found to increase the carbon storage of kelp forests by 4.4 to 8.7 megatons annually, offsetting the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by three million to six million passenger cars each year. (31) Wilmers and Estes caution, however, that (32) ul("having more otters") will not automatically solve the problem of higher levels of carbon dioxide in the air. But they suggest that the presence of otters provides a good model of how carbon can be sequestered, (33) ul("or removed, from") the atmosphere through the management of animal populations. If ecologists can better understand what kinds of impacts animals might have on the environment, Wilmers contends, “there might be opportunities for win-win conservation scenarios, whereby animal species are protected or enhanced, and carbon gets sequestered.” At this point, the writer is considering adding the following information. since the start of the Industrial Revolution, resulting in a rise in global temperatures Should the writer make this addition here?

Environmentalist Otters It has long been known that the sea otters (23) ul("living along the West Coast of North America help") keep kelp forests in their habitat healthy and vital. They do this by feeding on sea urchins and other herbivorous invertebrates that graze voraciously on kelp. With sea otters to keep the population of sea urchins in check, kelp forests can flourish. In fact, (24) ul("two years or less of sea otters can completely eliminate sea urchins") in a coastal area (see chart). Adapted from David O. Duggins, “Kelp Beds and Sea Otters: An Experimental Approach.” ©1980 by the Ecological Society of America. Without sea otters present, (25) ul("nevertheless") , kelp forests run the danger of becoming barren stretches of coastal wasteland known as urchin barrens. [1] What was less well-known, until recently at least, was how this relationship among sea otters, sea urchins, and kelp forests might help fight global warming. [2] The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased 40 percent (26) . [3] A recent study by two professors at the University of California, Santa Cruz, Chris Wilmers and James Estes, (27) ul("suggests, that") kelp forests protected by sea otters can absorb as much as twelve times the amount of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as those where sea urchins are allowed to (28) ul("devour") the kelp. [4] Like (29) ul("their") terrestrial plant cousins, kelp removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, turning it into sugar fuel through photosynthesis, and releases oxygen back into the air. [5] Scientists knew this but did not recognize (30) ul("how large a role they played") in helping kelp forests to significantly decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. [6] Far from making no difference to the ecosystem, the presence of otters was found to increase the carbon storage of kelp forests by 4.4 to 8.7 megatons annually, offsetting the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by three million to six million passenger cars each year. (31) Wilmers and Estes caution, however, that (32) ul("having more otters") will not automatically solve the problem of higher levels of carbon dioxide in the air. But they suggest that the presence of otters provides a good model of how carbon can be sequestered, (33) ul("or removed, from") the atmosphere through the management of animal populations. If ecologists can better understand what kinds of impacts animals might have on the environment, Wilmers contends, “there might be opportunities for win-win conservation scenarios, whereby animal species are protected or enhanced, and carbon gets sequestered.” Which choice offers an accurate interpretation of the data in the chart?

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