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Why is manganese more stable in the +2 s...

Why is manganese more stable in the `+2` state than the `+3` state and the reverse is true for iron?

Text Solution

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(1) The electronic configuration of Mn is `._(25)Mn[Ar]3d^(5)4s^(2)`.
(2) In `+2` and `+3` oxidation states, the electronic configuration of Mn is, `Mn^(2+)[Ar]3d^(5) and Mn^(3+)[Ar]3d^(4)`.
Since half-filled d-orbital `(3d^(5))` has more stability and lower energy than `3d^(4),Mn^(2+)` is more stable than `Mn^(3+)`.
(4) The electronic configuration of Fe is `._(26)Fe[Ar]3d^(6)4s^(2)`.
In `+2` and `+3` oxidation states of Fe, the electronic configuration is, `Fe^(2+)[Ar]3d^(6)` and `Fe^(3+)[Ar]3d^(5)`.
Since half-filled orbital is more stable, `+3` state of Fe is more stable than `+2` state.
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Knowledge Check

  • Most stable oxidation state of iron is

    A
    `+ 2`
    B
    `+3`
    C
    `-2`
    D
    `-3`

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