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The atomic mass of thorium is 232 and it...

The atomic mass of thorium is 232 and its atomic number is 90. During the course of its radioactive disintegration `6 alpha` and `4 beta` particles are emitted. What is the atomic mass and atomic number of the atom?

Text Solution

Verified by Experts

Radioactive disintergration reaction:
`._(90)Th^(232) overset(- 6 alpha, 4 beta)rarr Z`
Los of `alpha`-particle decreases the atomic mass
`= 6 xx 4 = 24` units
So atomic mass of the product atom `= (232 - 24) = 208` Also `alpha`-particle decreases the atomic number `= 6 xx 2 = 12`
Loss of `beta`- particle does not change the atomic mass but loss of `beta`-particles increases the atomic number by 1.
Therefore, total gain of atomic number due to `beta`- particle = 4
The total change in atomic number
= Loss dut to `alpha`-particle emission
Gain due to `beta-`particle emission
`12- - 4 = 8`
So, atomic number of product atom `= 90 - 8 = 82`
Therefore, `Z` atomic mass = 208
Atomic number = 80 or `._(82)Z^(208)`
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