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Justify the placement of O, S, Se, Te an...

Justify the placement of O, S, Se, Te and Po in the same group of the periodic table in terms of electronic configuration, oxidation states and hydride formation.

Text Solution

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1) Electronic configurations :
Oxygen (O) - [He] `2s^(2)2p^(2)`
Sulphur (S) - [Ne] `3s^(2)3p^(2)`
Selenium (Se) - [Ar] `3d^(10)4s^(2)4p^(4)`
Tellurium (Te) - [Kr] `4d^(10)5s^(2)sp^(4)`
Polonium (Po) - [Xe] `4f^(14)5d^(10)6s^(2)6p^(4)`
`to` All the above elements has general outer electronic configuration `ns^(2)np^(4)`.
2) Oxidation states :
All the gives elements (chalcogens) exhibits
common oxidation state of - 2
`to O^(-2),S^(-2,)Se^(-2)` etc.
3) Hydride formation :
All these elements (chalcogens) forms hydrides of type `EH_(2)` (E = chalcogen)
Eg : `H_(2)O,H_(2)S,H_(2)Se,H_(2)Te, H_(2)Po`.
The above mentioned concepts evident that the elements O, S, Se, Te and Po are present in the same group of periodic table.
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Knowledge Check

  • The following are some statements about modern periodic table i) It is based on electronic configuration ii) It contains 7 periods and 18 groups iii) Each period begins with a non - metallic element

    A
    All are correct
    B
    only i and ii are correct
    C
    only i is correct
    D
    only ii and iii are correct

  • Numerous forms of the periodic table have been devised from time to time. A modern version which is most convenient and widely used is the long or extended from of periodic table. The aufbau principle and the electronic configuration of atoms provide a theoretical foundation for the periodic classification. The horizontal rows are called periods. There are altogether seven periods. The first period consists of 2 elements. The subsequent periods consists of 8, 8,18, 18 and 32 elements respectively. The seventh period is incomplete and like the sixth period would have maximum of 32 elements. Elements having similar outer electronic configurations in their atoms are grouped in vertical columns. These are referred to as groups or families. According to the recommendations of IUPAC, the groups are numbered 1 to 18 replacing the older notation of groups 0, IA, IIA, ....VIIA, VIII, IB.....VIIB. Each successive period in the periodic table is associated with the filling up next higher principal energy level following aufbau sequence. The number of elements in each period is twice the number of atomic orbitals available in the energy level that is being filled. All the elements are classified into four blocks, i.e., s-block, p-block, d-block, and f-block depending on the type of atomic orbitals that are being filled with electrons. What is the position of the element in the periodic table satisfying the electronic configuration (n-1)d^1 ns^2 for n=4 ?

    A
    3rd period and 3rd group
    B
    4 period and 3rd group
    C
    3rd period and 2nd group
    D
    4th period and 2nd group

  • Numerous forms of the periodic table have been devised from time to time. A modern version which is most convenient and widely used is the long or extended from of periodic table. The aufbau principle and the electronic configuration of atoms provide a theoretical foundation for the periodic classification. The horizontal rows are called periods. There are altogether seven periods. The first period consists of 2 elements. The subsequent periods consists of 8, 8,18, 18 and 32 elements respectively. The seventh period is incomplete and like the sixth period would have maximum of 32 elements. Elements having similar outer electronic configurations in their atoms are grouped in vertical columns. These are referred to as groups or families. According to the recommendations of IUPAC, the groups are numbered 1 to 18 replacing the older notation of groups 0, IA, IIA, ....VIIA, VIII, IB.....VIIB. Each successive period in the periodic table is associated with the filling up next higher principal energy level following aufbau sequence. The number of elements in each period is twice the number of atomic orbitals available in the energy level that is being filled. All the elements are classified into four blocks, i.e., s-block, p-block, d-block, and f-block depending on the type of atomic orbitals that are being filled with electrons. Elements A, B, C, D and E have the following electronic configuration: (A) 1s^2, 2s^2 2p^1 (B) 1s^2, 2s^2 2p^6 , 3s^2 3p^1 (C ) 1s^2, 2s^2 2p^6 , 3s^2 3p^3 (D) 1s^2 , 2s^2 2p^6 , 3s^2 3p^5 (E) 1s^2 , 2s^2 2p^6 , 3s^2 3p^6 Which among these will belong to same group in the periodic table ?

    A
    A and C
    B
    A and D
    C
    A and B
    D
    A and E

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