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Which of the following hypotheses of Da...

Which of the following hypotheses of Dalton's atomic theorey explains the law of constant composition?
(i) All mater is composed of atoms.
(ii) Atoms cannot be created, divided or destroyed.
(iii) All the atoms of one element are alike, and different from these of any other element.
(iv) Atoms combine together in the ratio of small whole numbers.

A

(i),(ii),(iii),(iv)

B

(ii),(iii),(iv)

C

(i),(iii),(iv)

D

(i),(ii),(iii)

Text Solution

Verified by Experts

The correct Answer is:
C
A pure sample of water from any source always consists of water molecules only. A water molecule always consists of `H` and `O` atoms combined in the ratio of `2:1`. Every `H` atom has fixed mass of `1 u` and every `O` has fixed mass of `16u`. Therefore ratio, by mass is always `2:16` or `1:8`.
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According to Dalton's atomic theory, all matter whether an element, a compound or a mixture is composed of small particles called atoms which can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. Dalton's theory provides a simple explanation for the laws of chemical combination. He used his theory to explain law of conservation of masses, law of constant proportions and law of multiple proportions, based on various postulates of the theory. Dalton was the first scientist to use the symbols for the elements in a very specific sense. When he used a symbol for an element he also meant a definite quantity of that element, that is one atom of that element. Which postulate of Dalton's atomic theory is the result of the law of conservation of mass?

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Knowledge Check

  • Which of the following laws of chemical combinations cannot be explained by Dalton's atomic theroy?

    A
    Law of conservation of mass
    B
    Law of constant composition
    C
    Law of multiple proportions
    D
    Law of combining volumes

  • Dalton's atomic theory successfully explained. (i) Law of conservation of mass (ii) Law of constant composition (iii) Law of radioactivity (iv) Law of multiple proportion

    A
    (i), (ii) and (iii)
    B
    (i), (iii) and (iv)
    C
    (ii), (iii) and (iv)
    D
    (i), (ii) and (iv)

  • According to Dalton's atomic theory, all matter whether an element, a compound or a mixture is composed of small particles called atoms which can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. Dalton's theory provides a simple explanation for the laws of chemical combination. He used his theory to explain law of conservation of masses, law of constant proportions and law of multiple proportions, based on various postulates of the theory. Dalton was the first scientist to use the symbols for the elements in a very specific sense. When he used a symbol for an element he also meant a definite quantity of that element, that is one atom of that element. Which postulate of Dalton's atomic theory explains law of definite proportions?

    A
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    B
    The elements consist of atoms having fixed mass and the number and kind of atoms in a given compound is fixed.
    C
    Different elements have different kind of atoms.
    D
    Atoms are of various kinds.

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