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How does the average velocity or the roo...

How does the average velocity or the root mean square velocity of gas molecules depend on temperature and pressure?

Text Solution

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The average kinetic energy `(overline(c))` and the root mean square velocity `(c_(rms))` of gas molecules are given by `overline(c)=sqrt((8RT)/(M))`
and `c_(rms)=sqrt((3RT)/(M))`
So, for a given gas `overline(c) prop sqrt(T) and c_(rms) propsqrt(T)` i.e., average velocity or root mean square velocity of the molecules of a given gas is directly proportional to the square root of absolute temperature of the gas.
For 1 mole of an ideas gas `PV=nRT`
Therefore, `overline(c)=sqrt((8RV)/(M)) and c_(rms)=sqrt((3PV)/(M))`
It seems from these two relations that `overline(c)` or `c_(rms)` depends on pressure of the gas. actually they do not. this is because at a given temperature, the value of PV is always constant irrespective of the value of the pressure.
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Knowledge Check

  • In thermal equilibrium the rms velocity of a gas molecule is

    A
    proportional to `T^3`
    B
    proportional to `T^2`
    C
    proportional to `sqrt T`
    D
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  • The root mean square speed of the perfect gas molecules will be doubled if

    A
    pressure is doubled at constant volume
    B
    pressure is made 4 times at constant volume
    C
    volume is made 4 times at constant pressure
    D
    volume is increased by 41.1% at constant pressure
  • By what factor does average velocity of a gas molecule increase when temperature (in K) is doubled-

    A
    2
    B
    2.8
    C
    4
    D
    1.4
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