What are electrophiles and nucleophiles ? Explain with examples.

Explanation

An electrophile is a reagent that takes away an electron pair. In other words, an electron-seeking reagent is called an electrophile `(E^(+))`. Electrophiles are electron- deficient and can receive an electron pair.
Carbocations `(CH_(3)CH_(2)^(+))`and neutral molecules having functional groups such as carbonyl group are examples of electrophiles.
A nulceophile is a reagent that brings an electron pair. In other words, a nucleus-seeking reagent is called a nulceophile (Nu:).
For example: `OH^(–), NC^(–)`, carbanions `(R_(3)C^(–))`, etc.
Neutral molecules such as `H_(2)overset(ddot)O` and ammonia also act as nulceophiles because of the presence of a lone pair.