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Classify as open, closed or isolated sys...

Classify as open, closed or isolated system: (1) A cup of coffee placed on a table (2) Water in a beaker is boiled by heating (3) Lead nitrate is heated in a test tube (4) Solid `NH_(4)Cl` is heated in a closed vessel (5) Substances present in a soda-water bottle (6) Mercury enclosed in the thermometer.

Text Solution

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(1) Open system, (2) Oepn system, (3) Open system, (4) Closed system, (5) Closed system, (6) Closed system.
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Calssify the following systems into open, closed or isolated: (i) Living cell (ii) A gas enclosed in a cylinder fitted with a movable piston. The walls of the container and the piston are impermeable and thermally insulated (iii) The substances present in a soda water bottle (iv) the chemicals participated in a chemical reaction occurring in a closed glass container (v) How tea kept in a thermos flask.

Answer carefully: (a) Two large conducting spheres carrying charges Q_(1) and Q_(2) are brought close to each other. Is the magnitude of electrostatic force between them exactly given by Q_(1),Q_(2)//4pi epsilon_(0)r^(2) , where r is the distance between their centres? (b) If Coulomb’s law involved 1//r^(3) dependence (instead of would Gauss’s law be still true ? (c) A small test charge is released at rest at a point in an electrostatic field configuration. Will it travel along the field line passing through that point? (d) What is the work done by the field of a nucleus in a complete circular orbit of the electron? What if the orbit is elliptical? (e) We know that electric field is discontinuous across the surface of a charged conductor. Is electric potential also discontinuous there? (f) What meaning would you give to the capacitance of a single conductor? (g) Guess a possible reason why water has a much greater dielectric constant (= 80) than say, mica (= 6).

Knowledge Check

  • If the composition of the system does not change with time, the system is said to be in chemical equilibrium. itis the state in which net reaction of a system Is zero. in another words we can say that in reversible reactions, a stage is reached when the rate of transformation of reactants into products equals the rate of transformation of products into reactants. At this stage, the composition of reactants and products does not change with time. This does not mean that the reaction has ceased, as both reverse and forward reactions are still taking place but with equal speed. Such equilibria are called dynamic equilibria, Let us consider a reaction of the type A_(g) + B_(g) iff C_(g) + D_(g) K_c = ([C][D])/([A][B]) where K_c is equilibrium constant when the ratio of the concentrations of the product to reactants K_p = (P_C xx P_O)/(P_A xx P_B) where K_P is the equilibrium constant for the ratio of partial pressure of products to reactants. The relation between K_P and K_C is as follows K_P = K_C(RT)^(Deltan) For the reaction NH_2COONH_4(s) iff 2NH_3(g) + CO_2(g) The equilibrium constant K_p = 2.9 xx 10^-5 atm^3 . The total pressure of gases at equilibrium when 1 mole of reactant was heated will be

    A
    0.0194 atm
    B
    0.0388 atm
    C
    0.0580 atm
    D
    0.0667 atm

  • Addition of non-volatile solute to a solvent always increases the colligative properties such as osmotic pressure. Delta P . Delta T_b and Delta T_f . All these colligative properties are directly proportional to molality if solutions are dilute. The increases in colligative properties on addition of non-volatile solute is due to increases in number of solute particles. 1 g mixture of glucose and urea present in 250mL aqueous solution shows the osmotic pressure of 0.74 atm at 27^@C . Assuming solution to be dilute which are correct ? 1. Percentage of urea in mixture is 17.6. 2. Relative lowering in vapour pressure of this solution is 5.41 xx 10^(-4) . 3. The solution will boil at 100.015^@C . if k_b of water is 0.5 k molality^(-1) . 4. If glucose is replaced by same amount of sucrose the solution will show higher osmotic pressure at 27^@C . 5. If glucose is replaced by same amount of NaCI, the solution will show lower osmotic pressure at 27^@C .

    A
    1,2,3
    B
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    C
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    D
    1,4,5

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