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Aldehydes and ketones react with ammonia...

Aldehydes and ketones react with ammonia derivatives in weakly acidic/strongly acidic medium.

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**Step-by-Step Solution:** 1. **Understanding the Reactants**: Aldehydes and ketones are carbonyl compounds that contain a carbonyl group (C=O). Ammonia derivatives include compounds like ammonia (NH₃), primary amines (RNH₂), and secondary amines (R₂NH). 2. **Nature of the Reaction**: Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reactions with ammonia derivatives. The nitrogen atom in ammonia derivatives acts as a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon atom in the carbonyl group. 3. **Effect of Medium on the Reaction**: The medium in which the reaction occurs can significantly influence the reactivity of the nucleophile (ammonia derivative). In a strongly acidic medium, the nucleophilic nature of the ammonia derivatives is diminished due to protonation of the nitrogen atom. This makes it less likely to attack the carbonyl carbon. ...
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STATEMENT -1: The addition of amines in aldehyde and ketone is carried out in weakly acidic medium STATEMENT -2 : In strong acidic medium amines will protonated the nucleophilic character of amine decrease.

Aldehydes and ketones react with electrophiles but not with nucleophiles.

Knowledge Check

  • Aldehydes and ketone reacts with Grignards reagent gives

    A
    mixture of `1^@`, `2^@`, `3^@` alcohols
    B
    `1^@` or `2^@` or `3^@` alcohols
    C
    `1^@` or `2^@` alcohols
    D
    `2^@` or `3^@` alcohols

  • Aldehydes and ketones will not form crystalline derivatives with

    A
    sodium bisulphite
    B
    phenylhydrazine
    C
    semicarbazide hydrochloride
    D
    dihydrogen sodium phosphate.

  • Assertion : The addition of ammonia derivatives to carbonyl compounds is carried in weakly acidic medium. Reason : In weakly acidic medium attacking nucleophile is also protonated.

    A
    If both assertion and reason are correct and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
    B
    If both assertion and reason are correct and reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
    C
    If assertion is correct but reason is incorrect.
    D
    If assertion as well as reason are both incorrect.

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    Give suitable explanation for the following: (i) Chloral hydrate is a geminaldiol but still stable. How? (ii) Out of and CH_(3)CH_(2)CHO which is more reactive towards nucleophilic addition? (iii) Why does pure HCN fail to react with aldehydes and ketones? (iv) Hydrazones of aldehydes and ketones are not prepared in strongly acidic medium. Why? (v) Sodium bisulphite is used to purify aldehydes and ketones. Explain.

    Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reactions. With weak nucleophiles such as ammonia and its derivatives, (H_2 N-Z) , aldehydes and ketones react in weakly acidic medium to form compounds containing carbonnitrogen double bond with the elimination of water to form . Aldehydes can be easily oxidised to carboxylic acid on treatment with common oxidising agents like KMnO_4 K_2 Cr_2 O_7 , HNO_3 , etc. The carboxylic acid formed contain the same number of carbon atoms as the aldehydes. However ketones under drastic conditions with powerful oxidising agents undergo cleavage of C-C bond giving mixture of carboxylic acids having lesser number of C atoms than the original ketone. Name the product formed when formaldehyde reacts with ammonia.

    Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reactions. With weak nucleophiles such as ammonia and its derivatives, (H_2 N-Z) , aldehydes and ketones react in weakly acidic medium to form compounds containing carbonnitrogen double bond with the elimination of water to form . Aldehydes can be easily oxidised to carboxylic acid on treatment with common oxidising agents like KMnO_4 K_2 Cr_2 O_7 , HNO_3 , etc. The carboxylic acid formed contain the same number of carbon atoms as the aldehydes. However ketones under drastic conditions with powerful oxidising agents undergo cleavage of C-C bond giving mixture of carboxylic acids having lesser number of C atoms than the original ketone. Name the product obtained when pentan-2-one is oxidised with conc. HNO_3

    Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reactions. With weak nucleophiles such as ammonia and its derivatives, (H_2 N-Z) , aldehydes and ketones react in weakly acidic medium to form compounds containing carbonnitrogen double bond with the elimination of water to form . Aldehydes can be easily oxidised to carboxylic acid on treatment with common oxidising agents like KMnO_4 K_2 Cr_2 O_7 , HNO_3 , etc. The carboxylic acid formed contain the same number of carbon atoms as the aldehydes. However ketones under drastic conditions with powerful oxidising agents undergo cleavage of C-C bond giving mixture of carboxylic acids having lesser number of C atoms than the original ketone. Write the reaction of acetone with semicarbazide.

    Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reactions. With weak nucleophiles such as ammonia and its derivatives, (H_2 N-Z) , aldehydes and ketones react in weakly acidic medium to form compounds containing carbonnitrogen double bond with the elimination of water to form . Aldehydes can be easily oxidised to carboxylic acid on treatment with common oxidising agents like KMnO_4 K_2 Cr_2 O_7 , HNO_3 , etc. The carboxylic acid formed contain the same number of carbon atoms as the aldehydes. However ketones under drastic conditions with powerful oxidising agents undergo cleavage of C-C bond giving mixture of carboxylic acids having lesser number of C atoms than the original ketone. Arrange the following in the decreasing order of their reactivity towards HCN: HCHo , CH_3 COCH_3 , CH_3 CHO ,C_6 H_5 CHO

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