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When electrons drift in a metal from low...

When electrons drift in a metal from lower to higher potential, does it mean that all the 'free' electrons of the metal are moving in the same direction ?

Text Solution

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All the free electrons are not moving in the same direction. In fact, the drift velocity is superposed over the large random velocities of electrons.
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(a) In Example 3.1, the electron drift speed is estimated to be only a few mm s^(-1) for currents in the range of a few amperes? How then is current established almost the instant a circuit is closed? (b) The electron drift arises due to the force experienced by electrons in the electric field inside the conductor. But force should cause acceleration. Why then do the electrons acquire a steady average drift speed? (c) If the electron drift speed is so small, and the electron’s charge is small, how can we still obtain large amounts of current in a conductor? (d) When electrons drift in a metal from lower to higher potential, does it mean that all the ‘free’ electrons of the metal are moving in the same direction? (e) Are the paths of electrons straight lines between successive collisions (with the positive ions of the metal) in the (i) absence of electric field, (ii) presence of electric field?

The free electrons of a metal are free to

Knowledge Check

  • The free electrons of a metal are free to

    A
    move on the surface only
    B
    are free to escape through the surface
    C
    are free to fall into the nuclei
    D
    are free to move anywhere in the metal

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