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The s-block elements are characterised b...

The s-block elements are characterised by their larger atomic sizes, lower ionisation enthalpies, invariable +1 oxidation state and solubilities of their oxosalts. In the light of these features describe the nature of their oxides, halides and oxosalts.

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### Step-by-Step Solution **1. Introduction to S-Block Elements:** - S-block elements include Group 1 (alkali metals) and Group 2 (alkaline earth metals) in the periodic table. They are characterized by their larger atomic sizes, lower ionization enthalpies, invariable +1 oxidation state (for Group 1), and the solubility of their oxosalts. **2. Nature of Oxides:** - S-block elements form ionic oxides due to their low ionization energies and larger atomic sizes. - **Group 1 Oxides:** ...
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Transition metals combine with halogens at high temperature to form compounds called halides. On account of high activation energy , the reactions require high temperature to start, but once the the reaction is started , the heat of reaction is sufficient to maintain the continuity . Metals in higher oxidation state form flourides as it is the most electronegative element . Flourides are ionic in nature . The chlorides , bromides and iodides have ionic as well as covalent character . Halides of metals is higher oxidation states are relatively unstable and hydrolysed very easily . DeltaH_(f) is negative for

Transition metals combine with halogens at high temperature to form compounds called halides. On account of high activation energy , the reactions require high temperature to start, but once the the reaction is started , the heat of reaction is sufficient to maintain the continuity . Metals in higher oxidation state form flourides as it is the most electronegative element . Flourides are ionic in nature . The chlorides , bromides and iodides have ionic as well as covalent character . Halides of metals is higher oxidation states are relatively unstable and hydrolysed very easily . Aqueous solution of which compound will have pH lt 7 ?

What are the highest oxidation states shown by s-block elements ?

The transition element ( with few exceptions ) show a large number of oxidation states . The various oxidation states are related to the electronic configuration of their atoms. The variable oxidation states of a transition metal is due to the involvement of (n-1)d and outer ns electrons . For the first five elements of 3d transition series , the minimum oxidation state is equal to the number of electrons in 4s shell and the maximum oxidation state is equal to the sum of 4s and 3d electrons. The relative stability of various oxidation states of a given element can be explained on the basis of stability of d^(0),d^(5) and d^(10) configuration . In 3d series, the maximum oxidation state is shown by

The transition element ( with few exceptions ) show a large number of oxidation states . The various oxidation states are related to the electronic configuration of their atoms. The variable oxidation states of a transition metal is due to the involvement of (n-1)d and outer ns electrons . For the first five elements of 3d transition series , the minimum oxidation state is equal to the number of electrons in 4s shell and the maximum oxidation state is equal to the sum of 4s and 3d electrons. The relative stability of various oxidation states of a given element can be explained on the basis of stability of d^(0),d^(5) and d^(10) configuration . In which of the following pairs , the first species is more stable than second one

The transition element ( with few exceptions ) show a large number of oxidation states . The various oxidation states are related to the electronic configuration of their atoms. The variable oxidation states of a transition metal is due to the involvement of (n-1)d and outer ns electrons . For the first five elements of 3d transition series , the minimum oxidation state is equal to the number of electrons in 4s shell and the maximum oxidation state is equal to the sum of 4s and 3d electrons. The relative stability of various oxidation states of a given element can be explained on the basis of stability of d^(0),d^(5) and d^(10) configuration . Identify the correct statement

Describe the trend in I.E., electrode potential, atomic radii and oxidation states of elements of first transition series.

The IUPAC definition of a transition element is that it is an element that has an incomplete d-subshell in either the neutral atom or its ion. Thus the group 12 elements are member of the d-block but are not transition elements. Chemically solft members of the d-block occurs as sulphide minerals and are partially oxidised to obtain the metal, the more electropositive 'hard' metals occurs as oxides and are extracted by reduction. Opposite to p-block elements, the higher oxidation states are favoured by the heavier elements of d-block Metals on the right of the d-block tend to exist in low oxidation states and form complexes with the ligands. Square-planar complexes are common for the platinum metals and gold in oxidation states that yield d^8 electronic configuration, which include RH(I),Ir(I),Pd(II),Pt(II) and Au(III). The most distinctive features/properties of transition metal complex is their wide range of colours.The crystal field theory attributes the colour of the coordination compounds to d-d transition of the electron.It is important to note that (a) in absence of ligand, crystal field spilling does not occur and hence the substances is colourless, (b) the type of ligand also influences the colour of the complexes. Which of the following has dsp^2 hybridisation and is diamagnetic in nature ? (i) Na_4[Cr(CO)_4] , (ii) [Ni(DMGH)_2] , (iii) [PtHBr(PEt_3)_2] (iv) [As(SCN)_4]^(3-) , (v) [AuBr_4]^(-)

The elements of group 1 describe, more clearly then only group of elements, the effects of increasing the size of atoms or ions on the physical and chemical properties.The chemical and physical properties of the elements are closely related to their electronic structures and sizes.These metals are highly electropositive and thus form very strong bases, and have quite stable oxo-salts.In the manufacturing of sodium hydroxide, chlorine and sodium carbonate, the sodium chloride is used as starting material. Which of the following has the highest solubility in water ?

The elements of group II are known as alkaline earth metals. The electronic configuration of these elements is ns^(2) and oxidation state is +2 . They have higher ionization energy than alkali metals in their respective period due to their small size and completely filled s-orbital. These elements give characteristic colour to bunsen flame. magnesium is used in the preparation of Grignard agent (RMgX) which is used in organic chemistry for preparation of sevaral organic compounds like alcohols. acids, hydrocarbons. Q. The correct order of 1st ionization energy is

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