Match the vitamins given in Column I with the deficiency disease they cause given in Column II.
`{:(Column I("Vitamins"),Column II("Diseases")),(A."Vitamin"A,1."Pernicious anaemia"),(B."Vitamin"B_(1),2."Increased blood clotting time"),(C."Vitamin"B_(12),3."Xerophthalmia"),(D."Vitamin"C,4."Rickets"),(E."Vitamin"D,5."Muscular weakness"),(F."Vitamin"E,6."Night blindness"),(G."Vitamin"K,7."Beri-beri"),(,8."Bleeding gums"),(,9."Osteomalacia"):}`

Explanation

To match the vitamins from Column I with their corresponding deficiency diseases from Column II, we will analyze each vitamin and its associated deficiency disease step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Vitamin A**:
- Deficiency Disease: Night blindness (6)
- Explanation: Vitamin A is crucial for vision, and its deficiency leads to night blindness. It can also cause xerophthalmia (3), but the primary association here is with night blindness.

2. **Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)**:
- Deficiency Disease: Beri-beri (7)
- Explanation: Vitamin B1 deficiency leads to a disease called beri-beri, which affects the nervous and cardiovascular systems.

3. **Vitamin B12**:
- Deficiency Disease: Pernicious anemia (1)
- Explanation: Vitamin B12 is essential for red blood cell formation, and its deficiency results in pernicious anemia, characterized by a reduction in red blood cells.

4. **Vitamin C**:
- Deficiency Disease: Bleeding gums (8)
- Explanation: Vitamin C is important for collagen synthesis, and its deficiency leads to scurvy, which presents with symptoms including bleeding gums.

5. **Vitamin D**:
- Deficiency Disease: Rickets (4)
- Explanation: Vitamin D is vital for calcium absorption, and its deficiency in children leads to rickets, characterized by bone deformities. It can also cause osteomalacia (9) in adults.

6. **Vitamin E**:
- Deficiency Disease: Muscular weakness (5)
- Explanation: Vitamin E is an antioxidant, and its deficiency can lead to muscular weakness and neurological problems.

7. **Vitamin K**:
- Deficiency Disease: Increased blood clotting time (2)
- Explanation: Vitamin K is essential for blood coagulation, and its deficiency results in prolonged bleeding due to increased clotting time.

### Final Matching:

- A. Vitamin A → 6. Night blindness
- B. Vitamin B1 → 7. Beri-beri
- C. Vitamin B12 → 1. Pernicious anemia
- D. Vitamin C → 8. Bleeding gums
- E. Vitamin D → 4. Rickets
- F. Vitamin E → 5. Muscular weakness
- G. Vitamin K → 2. Increased blood clotting time

### Summary of Matches:
- A - 6
- B - 7
- C - 1
- D - 8
- E - 4
- F - 5
- G - 2