Under what condition Van't Hoff factor
(i) is
(a) equal to unity, (b) less than 1, and (c) greater than 1.
Explain your answer.

Explanation

To answer the question regarding the Van't Hoff factor (i) and its conditions, we can break it down into three parts:

### Part (a): When is Van't Hoff factor (i) equal to unity?

The Van't Hoff factor (i) is equal to unity (i = 1) under the condition when there is **no association or dissociation** of the solute in the solution. This means that the solute molecules do not interact with each other to form larger aggregates or break apart into smaller particles.

**Example:** For a non-electrolyte solute like glucose (C6H12O6), when it dissolves in water, it remains as individual molecules. Therefore, the number of particles in solution is the same as the number of solute molecules added, leading to i = 1.

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