Identify true or false statements
(i) Conventional plant breding is in practice from `9,000-11,000` years ago.
(ii) Recombinant progeny is self -pollnated for saveral generations til they reach a state of heterozgosity
(iii) During the period 1960 to 2000 wheat production increased from 35 million tonnes to 89.5 million tonnes.
Identify true or false statements
(i) Conventional plant breding is in practice from `9,000-11,000` years ago.
(ii) Recombinant progeny is self -pollnated for saveral generations til they reach a state of heterozgosity
(iii) During the period 1960 to 2000 wheat production increased from 35 million tonnes to 89.5 million tonnes.
(i) Conventional plant breding is in practice from `9,000-11,000` years ago.
(ii) Recombinant progeny is self -pollnated for saveral generations til they reach a state of heterozgosity
(iii) During the period 1960 to 2000 wheat production increased from 35 million tonnes to 89.5 million tonnes.
Text Solution
AI Generated Solution
The correct Answer is:
### Step-by-Step Solution:
1. **Statement (i):** "Conventional plant breeding is in practice from 9,000-11,000 years ago."
- **Analysis:** Conventional plant breeding has been practiced for thousands of years, dating back to ancient agriculture. This statement is historically accurate.
- **Conclusion:** **True**
2. **Statement (ii):** "Recombinant progeny is self-pollinated for several generations till they reach a state of heterozygosity."
- **Analysis:** Recombinant progeny refers to offspring produced through genetic recombination. Self-pollination is typically used to stabilize traits and achieve homozygosity, not heterozygosity. Thus, this statement is misleading.
- **Conclusion:** **False**
3. **Statement (iii):** "During the period 1960 to 2000 wheat production increased from 35 million tonnes to 89.5 million tonnes."
- **Analysis:** The wheat production data during the Green Revolution indicates that wheat production increased significantly, but the figures provided in this statement do not align with historical records. In 1960, wheat production was around 11 million tonnes, and by 1990 it reached approximately 55 million tonnes. Therefore, the statement is incorrect.
- **Conclusion:** **False**
### Final Answers:
- (i) True
- (ii) False
- (iii) False
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Select the incorrect statements. a. Indian agriculture accounts for approximately 62 percent of India's GDP. b. During the period 1960 and 2000, wheat and rice production increased from 11 million tonnes to 89.5 million tonnes. C. Semi-dwarf rice varieties were derived from IR 8 and Taichung Native-1. d. Saccharum officinarum was originally grown in south india having high sugar content and yield.
Find out which among the following is true and which is false (i) Recombinant DNA technology has made it possible to engineer microbes, plants and animals such that they have novel capabilities. (ii) Genetically modified organisms have been created by using methods other than natural methods to transfer one or more genes from organism to another, generally using techniques such as recombinant DNA technology. (iii) GM plants have been useful in increasing crop yields, reduce post harvest losses and make crops more tolerant of stressess. (iv) Recombinant DNA technology process have made immense impact in the area of healthcare by enabling mass production of safe and more effective therapeutics. (v) since the recombinant therapeutics are identical to human proteins, they do not induced unwanted immunological responses.
Knowledge Check
No one is sure how much available oil is left, but considering our oil reserves took hundreads of millions of years to form, time to depletion is little more than a blink of an eye, so we have two options stop relying on oil or use it up and watch the ensuing chaos. One promisiog alternative fuel source is ethanol. Our ancestors have been fermenting organic matter to make ethanol for thousands of years. today ethanol is primarily consumed in alcoholic bevergaes, but why not also use it to power our cars This alternative fuel in made by fermenting crops such as wheat, corn, and sugarcane, one glucose molecule is broken down to form two ethanol molecules and two carbon doioxide molecules. Because it is made form organic matter, it is renewable a big pro compared to oil. Another benfit is that it s domestically made so we don't have to rely on tther countries for it. unfortunately, it's slightly more expernsive per mile than gasoline. Additionally, because its production uses crops, widespread implementation may cause an increase in some food prices. Another promising alternative is biodiesel. Biodiesel is made out of animal fats, plant fats, and even used grease from restaurants. The glycerol becakone is removed from the fat, breaking the fat tnto three separate chains, which are then reacted with an alcohol to form the biodiesel. this type of chemical reaction is called a transesterification. Like ethanol, biodiesel is also renewable and domestically produced. it's also cmpletely nontoxic and biodegradable. unfortunately, like ethanol, it also more expensive. While they may be more expensive, both of these fuel sources produce fewer greenhouse gases than regula gasoline. A couple extra dollars is a small oprice to pay for the environmental friendliness and self -sufficiency that these alternatives would provide our current alternatives may not be perfect, but that's no reason to be disc ouraged. The time for alternative fuel exploration is now. Why wait for oil to run out when superior sources of energy are already available and more are within reach? there is a natural tendency to confuse change with progress. This is perfectly under-standable. especially considering that we went from invnting electricity to perfecting aviation to reaching the moon all in ta time period analogous to just a blink in hte grand scheme of human history. such rodigious leaps have left us hungry ofor more leaps, and there are benefits to restlessness, even if entropic, throw enough aimless darts in every direction and you'll find a bull's eye, even if by accident. But, such leaps have also left us skeptical against inaction, and now there is a proclivity to mistake the status quo for the stagnation of standing still. Call it the new coke effect, where society takes three misguided steps back in tits interminable urgenecy to keep moving forward That said, I will be the first to admit that the future livelihood of an industrialized world most likely hinges on change, namely the discovery of an effective, inexpensive source of renewable energy. But as the federal government wastes billions here and billions there throwing money at hopeless companies whth hapless executives (solyndra, for instance), I can't help but feel like renewable energy is New coke. Certainly, we have not yet perfected our energetic ways and means, but why are we so obsessed with discarding what we have now? Principally, desite decades of apocalyptic forecasting of peak oil, petroleum output is as halthy as ever, In fact, petroleum companies are leaving the industry not because oil reserves are dwindiling, but rather because oil production is so massive that demand is falling considerably. Case in point: oil is currently selling at a third the cost of bottled water so, yes - the day most likely will come when the wells run dry . But, until then, let us celebrate oru good fortune and be thankful for what we have. 43. the author of passage 1 most strongly implies in paragraph 1 (lines 1-6) that the choice of whether to pursue alternative energy is
No one is sure how much available oil is left, but considering our oil reserves took hundreads of millions of years to form, time to depletion is little more than a blink of an eye, so we have two options stop relying on oil or use it up and watch the ensuing chaos. One promisiog alternative fuel source is ethanol. Our ancestors have been fermenting organic matter to make ethanol for thousands of years. today ethanol is primarily consumed in alcoholic bevergaes, but why not also use it to power our cars This alternative fuel in made by fermenting crops such as wheat, corn, and sugarcane, one glucose molecule is broken down to form two ethanol molecules and two carbon doioxide molecules. Because it is made form organic matter, it is renewable a big pro compared to oil. Another benfit is that it s domestically made so we don't have to rely on tther countries for it. unfortunately, it's slightly more expernsive per mile than gasoline. Additionally, because its production uses crops, widespread implementation may cause an increase in some food prices. Another promising alternative is biodiesel. Biodiesel is made out of animal fats, plant fats, and even used grease from restaurants. The glycerol becakone is removed from the fat, breaking the fat tnto three separate chains, which are then reacted with an alcohol to form the biodiesel. this type of chemical reaction is called a transesterification. Like ethanol, biodiesel is also renewable and domestically produced. it's also cmpletely nontoxic and biodegradable. unfortunately, like ethanol, it also more expensive. While they may be more expensive, both of these fuel sources produce fewer greenhouse gases than regula gasoline. A couple extra dollars is a small oprice to pay for the environmental friendliness and self -sufficiency that these alternatives would provide our current alternatives may not be perfect, but that's no reason to be disc ouraged. The time for alternative fuel exploration is now. Why wait for oil to run out when superior sources of energy are already available and more are within reach? there is a natural tendency to confuse change with progress. This is perfectly under-standable. especially considering that we went from invnting electricity to perfecting aviation to reaching the moon all in ta time period analogous to just a blink in hte grand scheme of human history. such rodigious leaps have left us hungry ofor more leaps, and there are benefits to restlessness, even if entropic, throw enough aimless darts in every direction and you'll find a bull's eye, even if by accident. But, such leaps have also left us skeptical against inaction, and now there is a proclivity to mistake the status quo for the stagnation of standing still. Call it the new coke effect, where society takes three misguided steps back in tits interminable urgenecy to keep moving forward That said, I will be the first to admit that the future livelihood of an industrialized world most likely hinges on change, namely the discovery of an effective, inexpensive source of renewable energy. But as the federal government wastes billions here and billions there throwing money at hopeless companies whth hapless executives (solyndra, for instance), I can't help but feel like renewable energy is New coke. Certainly, we have not yet perfected our energetic ways and means, but why are we so obsessed with discarding what we have now? Principally, desite decades of apocalyptic forecasting of peak oil, petroleum output is as halthy as ever, In fact, petroleum companies are leaving the industry not because oil reserves are dwindiling, but rather because oil production is so massive that demand is falling considerably. Case in point: oil is currently selling at a third the cost of bottled water so, yes - the day most likely will come when the wells run dry . But, until then, let us celebrate oru good fortune and be thankful for what we have. 43. the author of passage 1 most strongly implies in paragraph 1 (lines 1-6) that the choice of whether to pursue alternative energy is
A
multi -faceted.
B
obvious
C
ambiguous
D
premature
No one is sure how much available oil is left, but considering our oil reserves took hundreads of millions of years to form, time to depletion is little more than a blink of an eye, so we have two options stop relying on oil or use it up and watch the ensuing chaos. One promisiog alternative fuel source is ethanol. Our ancestors have been fermenting organic matter to make ethanol for thousands of years. today ethanol is primarily consumed in alcoholic bevergaes, but why not also use it to power our cars This alternative fuel in made by fermenting crops such as wheat, corn, and sugarcane, one glucose molecule is broken down to form two ethanol molecules and two carbon doioxide molecules. Because it is made form organic matter, it is renewable a big pro compared to oil. Another benfit is that it s domestically made so we don't have to rely on tther countries for it. unfortunately, it's slightly more expernsive per mile than gasoline. Additionally, because its production uses crops, widespread implementation may cause an increase in some food prices. Another promising alternative is biodiesel. Biodiesel is made out of animal fats, plant fats, and even used grease from restaurants. The glycerol becakone is removed from the fat, breaking the fat tnto three separate chains, which are then reacted with an alcohol to form the biodiesel. this type of chemical reaction is called a transesterification. Like ethanol, biodiesel is also renewable and domestically produced. it's also cmpletely nontoxic and biodegradable. unfortunately, like ethanol, it also more expensive. While they may be more expensive, both of these fuel sources produce fewer greenhouse gases than regula gasoline. A couple extra dollars is a small oprice to pay for the environmental friendliness and self -sufficiency that these alternatives would provide our current alternatives may not be perfect, but that's no reason to be disc ouraged. The time for alternative fuel exploration is now. Why wait for oil to run out when superior sources of energy are already available and more are within reach? there is a natural tendency to confuse change with progress. This is perfectly under-standable. especially considering that we went from invnting electricity to perfecting aviation to reaching the moon all in ta time period analogous to just a blink in hte grand scheme of human history. such rodigious leaps have left us hungry ofor more leaps, and there are benefits to restlessness, even if entropic, throw enough aimless darts in every direction and you'll find a bull's eye, even if by accident. But, such leaps have also left us skeptical against inaction, and now there is a proclivity to mistake the status quo for the stagnation of standing still. Call it the new coke effect, where society takes three misguided steps back in tits interminable urgenecy to keep moving forward That said, I will be the first to admit that the future livelihood of an industrialized world most likely hinges on change, namely the discovery of an effective, inexpensive source of renewable energy. But as the federal government wastes billions here and billions there throwing money at hopeless companies whth hapless executives (solyndra, for instance), I can't help but feel like renewable energy is New coke. Certainly, we have not yet perfected our energetic ways and means, but why are we so obsessed with discarding what we have now? Principally, desite decades of apocalyptic forecasting of peak oil, petroleum output is as halthy as ever, In fact, petroleum companies are leaving the industry not because oil reserves are dwindiling, but rather because oil production is so massive that demand is falling considerably. Case in point: oil is currently selling at a third the cost of bottled water so, yes - the day most likely will come when the wells run dry . But, until then, let us celebrate oru good fortune and be thankful for what we have. 44. As used in line 30, the word" breaking most closely means
No one is sure how much available oil is left, but considering our oil reserves took hundreads of millions of years to form, time to depletion is little more than a blink of an eye, so we have two options stop relying on oil or use it up and watch the ensuing chaos. One promisiog alternative fuel source is ethanol. Our ancestors have been fermenting organic matter to make ethanol for thousands of years. today ethanol is primarily consumed in alcoholic bevergaes, but why not also use it to power our cars This alternative fuel in made by fermenting crops such as wheat, corn, and sugarcane, one glucose molecule is broken down to form two ethanol molecules and two carbon doioxide molecules. Because it is made form organic matter, it is renewable a big pro compared to oil. Another benfit is that it s domestically made so we don't have to rely on tther countries for it. unfortunately, it's slightly more expernsive per mile than gasoline. Additionally, because its production uses crops, widespread implementation may cause an increase in some food prices. Another promising alternative is biodiesel. Biodiesel is made out of animal fats, plant fats, and even used grease from restaurants. The glycerol becakone is removed from the fat, breaking the fat tnto three separate chains, which are then reacted with an alcohol to form the biodiesel. this type of chemical reaction is called a transesterification. Like ethanol, biodiesel is also renewable and domestically produced. it's also cmpletely nontoxic and biodegradable. unfortunately, like ethanol, it also more expensive. While they may be more expensive, both of these fuel sources produce fewer greenhouse gases than regula gasoline. A couple extra dollars is a small oprice to pay for the environmental friendliness and self -sufficiency that these alternatives would provide our current alternatives may not be perfect, but that's no reason to be disc ouraged. The time for alternative fuel exploration is now. Why wait for oil to run out when superior sources of energy are already available and more are within reach? there is a natural tendency to confuse change with progress. This is perfectly under-standable. especially considering that we went from invnting electricity to perfecting aviation to reaching the moon all in ta time period analogous to just a blink in hte grand scheme of human history. such rodigious leaps have left us hungry ofor more leaps, and there are benefits to restlessness, even if entropic, throw enough aimless darts in every direction and you'll find a bull's eye, even if by accident. But, such leaps have also left us skeptical against inaction, and now there is a proclivity to mistake the status quo for the stagnation of standing still. Call it the new coke effect, where society takes three misguided steps back in tits interminable urgenecy to keep moving forward That said, I will be the first to admit that the future livelihood of an industrialized world most likely hinges on change, namely the discovery of an effective, inexpensive source of renewable energy. But as the federal government wastes billions here and billions there throwing money at hopeless companies whth hapless executives (solyndra, for instance), I can't help but feel like renewable energy is New coke. Certainly, we have not yet perfected our energetic ways and means, but why are we so obsessed with discarding what we have now? Principally, desite decades of apocalyptic forecasting of peak oil, petroleum output is as halthy as ever, In fact, petroleum companies are leaving the industry not because oil reserves are dwindiling, but rather because oil production is so massive that demand is falling considerably. Case in point: oil is currently selling at a third the cost of bottled water so, yes - the day most likely will come when the wells run dry . But, until then, let us celebrate oru good fortune and be thankful for what we have. 44. As used in line 30, the word" breaking most closely means
A
flouting
B
eliminating
C
separating
D
categorizing
No one is sure how much available oil is left, but considering our oil reserves took hundreads of millions of years to form, time to depletion is little more than a blink of an eye, so we have two options stop relying on oil or use it up and watch the ensuing chaos. One promisiog alternative fuel source is ethanol. Our ancestors have been fermenting organic matter to make ethanol for thousands of years. today ethanol is primarily consumed in alcoholic bevergaes, but why not also use it to power our cars This alternative fuel in made by fermenting crops such as wheat, corn, and sugarcane, one glucose molecule is broken down to form two ethanol molecules and two carbon doioxide molecules. Because it is made form organic matter, it is renewable a big pro compared to oil. Another benfit is that it s domestically made so we don't have to rely on tther countries for it. unfortunately, it's slightly more expernsive per mile than gasoline. Additionally, because its production uses crops, widespread implementation may cause an increase in some food prices. Another promising alternative is biodiesel. Biodiesel is made out of animal fats, plant fats, and even used grease from restaurants. The glycerol becakone is removed from the fat, breaking the fat tnto three separate chains, which are then reacted with an alcohol to form the biodiesel. this type of chemical reaction is called a transesterification. Like ethanol, biodiesel is also renewable and domestically produced. it's also cmpletely nontoxic and biodegradable. unfortunately, like ethanol, it also more expensive. While they may be more expensive, both of these fuel sources produce fewer greenhouse gases than regula gasoline. A couple extra dollars is a small oprice to pay for the environmental friendliness and self -sufficiency that these alternatives would provide our current alternatives may not be perfect, but that's no reason to be disc ouraged. The time for alternative fuel exploration is now. Why wait for oil to run out when superior sources of energy are already available and more are within reach? there is a natural tendency to confuse change with progress. This is perfectly under-standable. especially considering that we went from invnting electricity to perfecting aviation to reaching the moon all in ta time period analogous to just a blink in hte grand scheme of human history. such rodigious leaps have left us hungry ofor more leaps, and there are benefits to restlessness, even if entropic, throw enough aimless darts in every direction and you'll find a bull's eye, even if by accident. But, such leaps have also left us skeptical against inaction, and now there is a proclivity to mistake the status quo for the stagnation of standing still. Call it the new coke effect, where society takes three misguided steps back in tits interminable urgenecy to keep moving forward That said, I will be the first to admit that the future livelihood of an industrialized world most likely hinges on change, namely the discovery of an effective, inexpensive source of renewable energy. But as the federal government wastes billions here and billions there throwing money at hopeless companies whth hapless executives (solyndra, for instance), I can't help but feel like renewable energy is New coke. Certainly, we have not yet perfected our energetic ways and means, but why are we so obsessed with discarding what we have now? Principally, desite decades of apocalyptic forecasting of peak oil, petroleum output is as halthy as ever, In fact, petroleum companies are leaving the industry not because oil reserves are dwindiling, but rather because oil production is so massive that demand is falling considerably. Case in point: oil is currently selling at a third the cost of bottled water so, yes - the day most likely will come when the wells run dry . But, until then, let us celebrate oru good fortune and be thankful for what we have. 45. The author of passage 1 suggests in lines 44-49 ("Our current ... reach") that extensive research into alternative energy resources should begin
No one is sure how much available oil is left, but considering our oil reserves took hundreads of millions of years to form, time to depletion is little more than a blink of an eye, so we have two options stop relying on oil or use it up and watch the ensuing chaos. One promisiog alternative fuel source is ethanol. Our ancestors have been fermenting organic matter to make ethanol for thousands of years. today ethanol is primarily consumed in alcoholic bevergaes, but why not also use it to power our cars This alternative fuel in made by fermenting crops such as wheat, corn, and sugarcane, one glucose molecule is broken down to form two ethanol molecules and two carbon doioxide molecules. Because it is made form organic matter, it is renewable a big pro compared to oil. Another benfit is that it s domestically made so we don't have to rely on tther countries for it. unfortunately, it's slightly more expernsive per mile than gasoline. Additionally, because its production uses crops, widespread implementation may cause an increase in some food prices. Another promising alternative is biodiesel. Biodiesel is made out of animal fats, plant fats, and even used grease from restaurants. The glycerol becakone is removed from the fat, breaking the fat tnto three separate chains, which are then reacted with an alcohol to form the biodiesel. this type of chemical reaction is called a transesterification. Like ethanol, biodiesel is also renewable and domestically produced. it's also cmpletely nontoxic and biodegradable. unfortunately, like ethanol, it also more expensive. While they may be more expensive, both of these fuel sources produce fewer greenhouse gases than regula gasoline. A couple extra dollars is a small oprice to pay for the environmental friendliness and self -sufficiency that these alternatives would provide our current alternatives may not be perfect, but that's no reason to be disc ouraged. The time for alternative fuel exploration is now. Why wait for oil to run out when superior sources of energy are already available and more are within reach? there is a natural tendency to confuse change with progress. This is perfectly under-standable. especially considering that we went from invnting electricity to perfecting aviation to reaching the moon all in ta time period analogous to just a blink in hte grand scheme of human history. such rodigious leaps have left us hungry ofor more leaps, and there are benefits to restlessness, even if entropic, throw enough aimless darts in every direction and you'll find a bull's eye, even if by accident. But, such leaps have also left us skeptical against inaction, and now there is a proclivity to mistake the status quo for the stagnation of standing still. Call it the new coke effect, where society takes three misguided steps back in tits interminable urgenecy to keep moving forward That said, I will be the first to admit that the future livelihood of an industrialized world most likely hinges on change, namely the discovery of an effective, inexpensive source of renewable energy. But as the federal government wastes billions here and billions there throwing money at hopeless companies whth hapless executives (solyndra, for instance), I can't help but feel like renewable energy is New coke. Certainly, we have not yet perfected our energetic ways and means, but why are we so obsessed with discarding what we have now? Principally, desite decades of apocalyptic forecasting of peak oil, petroleum output is as halthy as ever, In fact, petroleum companies are leaving the industry not because oil reserves are dwindiling, but rather because oil production is so massive that demand is falling considerably. Case in point: oil is currently selling at a third the cost of bottled water so, yes - the day most likely will come when the wells run dry . But, until then, let us celebrate oru good fortune and be thankful for what we have. 45. The author of passage 1 suggests in lines 44-49 ("Our current ... reach") that extensive research into alternative energy resources should begin
A
in the coming centuries
B
in the coming decades
C
in the coming years
D
immediately
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No one is sure how much available oil is left, but considering our oil reserves took hundreads of millions of years to form, time to depletion is little more than a blink of an eye, so we have two options stop relying on oil or use it up and watch the ensuing chaos. One promisiog alternative fuel source is ethanol. Our ancestors have been fermenting organic matter to make ethanol for thousands of years. today ethanol is primarily consumed in alcoholic bevergaes, but why not also use it to power our cars This alternative fuel in made by fermenting crops such as wheat, corn, and sugarcane, one glucose molecule is broken down to form two ethanol molecules and two carbon doioxide molecules. Because it is made form organic matter, it is renewable a big pro compared to oil. Another benfit is that it s domestically made so we don't have to rely on tther countries for it. unfortunately, it's slightly more expernsive per mile than gasoline. Additionally, because its production uses crops, widespread implementation may cause an increase in some food prices. Another promising alternative is biodiesel. Biodiesel is made out of animal fats, plant fats, and even used grease from restaurants. The glycerol becakone is removed from the fat, breaking the fat tnto three separate chains, which are then reacted with an alcohol to form the biodiesel. this type of chemical reaction is called a transesterification. Like ethanol, biodiesel is also renewable and domestically produced. it's also cmpletely nontoxic and biodegradable. unfortunately, like ethanol, it also more expensive. While they may be more expensive, both of these fuel sources produce fewer greenhouse gases than regula gasoline. A couple extra dollars is a small oprice to pay for the environmental friendliness and self -sufficiency that these alternatives would provide our current alternatives may not be perfect, but that's no reason to be disc ouraged. The time for alternative fuel exploration is now. Why wait for oil to run out when superior sources of energy are already available and more are within reach? there is a natural tendency to confuse change with progress. This is perfectly under-standable. especially considering that we went from invnting electricity to perfecting aviation to reaching the moon all in ta time period analogous to just a blink in hte grand scheme of human history. such rodigious leaps have left us hungry ofor more leaps, and there are benefits to restlessness, even if entropic, throw enough aimless darts in every direction and you'll find a bull's eye, even if by accident. But, such leaps have also left us skeptical against inaction, and now there is a proclivity to mistake the status quo for the stagnation of standing still. Call it the new coke effect, where society takes three misguided steps back in tits interminable urgenecy to keep moving forward That said, I will be the first to admit that the future livelihood of an industrialized world most likely hinges on change, namely the discovery of an effective, inexpensive source of renewable energy. But as the federal government wastes billions here and billions there throwing money at hopeless companies whth hapless executives (solyndra, for instance), I can't help but feel like renewable energy is New coke. Certainly, we have not yet perfected our energetic ways and means, but why are we so obsessed with discarding what we have now? Principally, desite decades of apocalyptic forecasting of peak oil, petroleum output is as halthy as ever, In fact, petroleum companies are leaving the industry not because oil reserves are dwindiling, but rather because oil production is so massive that demand is falling considerably. Case in point: oil is currently selling at a third the cost of bottled water so, yes - the day most likely will come when the wells run dry . But, until then, let us celebrate oru good fortune and be thankful for what we have. 50. Which option gives the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?
No one is sure how much available oil is left, but considering our oil reserves took hundreads of millions of years to form, time to depletion is little more than a blink of an eye, so we have two options stop relying on oil or use it up and watch the ensuing chaos. One promisiog alternative fuel source is ethanol. Our ancestors have been fermenting organic matter to make ethanol for thousands of years. today ethanol is primarily consumed in alcoholic bevergaes, but why not also use it to power our cars This alternative fuel in made by fermenting crops such as wheat, corn, and sugarcane, one glucose molecule is broken down to form two ethanol molecules and two carbon doioxide molecules. Because it is made form organic matter, it is renewable a big pro compared to oil. Another benfit is that it s domestically made so we don't have to rely on tther countries for it. unfortunately, it's slightly more expernsive per mile than gasoline. Additionally, because its production uses crops, widespread implementation may cause an increase in some food prices. Another promising alternative is biodiesel. Biodiesel is made out of animal fats, plant fats, and even used grease from restaurants. The glycerol becakone is removed from the fat, breaking the fat tnto three separate chains, which are then reacted with an alcohol to form the biodiesel. this type of chemical reaction is called a transesterification. Like ethanol, biodiesel is also renewable and domestically produced. it's also cmpletely nontoxic and biodegradable. unfortunately, like ethanol, it also more expensive. While they may be more expensive, both of these fuel sources produce fewer greenhouse gases than regula gasoline. A couple extra dollars is a small oprice to pay for the environmental friendliness and self -sufficiency that these alternatives would provide our current alternatives may not be perfect, but that's no reason to be disc ouraged. The time for alternative fuel exploration is now. Why wait for oil to run out when superior sources of energy are already available and more are within reach? there is a natural tendency to confuse change with progress. This is perfectly under-standable. especially considering that we went from invnting electricity to perfecting aviation to reaching the moon all in ta time period analogous to just a blink in hte grand scheme of human history. such rodigious leaps have left us hungry ofor more leaps, and there are benefits to restlessness, even if entropic, throw enough aimless darts in every direction and you'll find a bull's eye, even if by accident. But, such leaps have also left us skeptical against inaction, and now there is a proclivity to mistake the status quo for the stagnation of standing still. Call it the new coke effect, where society takes three misguided steps back in tits interminable urgenecy to keep moving forward That said, I will be the first to admit that the future livelihood of an industrialized world most likely hinges on change, namely the discovery of an effective, inexpensive source of renewable energy. But as the federal government wastes billions here and billions there throwing money at hopeless companies whth hapless executives (solyndra, for instance), I can't help but feel like renewable energy is New coke. Certainly, we have not yet perfected our energetic ways and means, but why are we so obsessed with discarding what we have now? Principally, desite decades of apocalyptic forecasting of peak oil, petroleum output is as halthy as ever, In fact, petroleum companies are leaving the industry not because oil reserves are dwindiling, but rather because oil production is so massive that demand is falling considerably. Case in point: oil is currently selling at a third the cost of bottled water so, yes - the day most likely will come when the wells run dry . But, until then, let us celebrate oru good fortune and be thankful for what we have. 47. As used in line 82, the word" apocalyptic" most closely means
No one is sure how much available oil is left, but considering our oil reserves took hundreads of millions of years to form, time to depletion is little more than a blink of an eye, so we have two options stop relying on oil or use it up and watch the ensuing chaos. One promisiog alternative fuel source is ethanol. Our ancestors have been fermenting organic matter to make ethanol for thousands of years. today ethanol is primarily consumed in alcoholic bevergaes, but why not also use it to power our cars This alternative fuel in made by fermenting crops such as wheat, corn, and sugarcane, one glucose molecule is broken down to form two ethanol molecules and two carbon doioxide molecules. Because it is made form organic matter, it is renewable a big pro compared to oil. Another benfit is that it s domestically made so we don't have to rely on tther countries for it. unfortunately, it's slightly more expernsive per mile than gasoline. Additionally, because its production uses crops, widespread implementation may cause an increase in some food prices. Another promising alternative is biodiesel. Biodiesel is made out of animal fats, plant fats, and even used grease from restaurants. The glycerol becakone is removed from the fat, breaking the fat tnto three separate chains, which are then reacted with an alcohol to form the biodiesel. this type of chemical reaction is called a transesterification. Like ethanol, biodiesel is also renewable and domestically produced. it's also cmpletely nontoxic and biodegradable. unfortunately, like ethanol, it also more expensive. While they may be more expensive, both of these fuel sources produce fewer greenhouse gases than regula gasoline. A couple extra dollars is a small oprice to pay for the environmental friendliness and self -sufficiency that these alternatives would provide our current alternatives may not be perfect, but that's no reason to be disc ouraged. The time for alternative fuel exploration is now. Why wait for oil to run out when superior sources of energy are already available and more are within reach? there is a natural tendency to confuse change with progress. This is perfectly under-standable. especially considering that we went from invnting electricity to perfecting aviation to reaching the moon all in ta time period analogous to just a blink in hte grand scheme of human history. such rodigious leaps have left us hungry ofor more leaps, and there are benefits to restlessness, even if entropic, throw enough aimless darts in every direction and you'll find a bull's eye, even if by accident. But, such leaps have also left us skeptical against inaction, and now there is a proclivity to mistake the status quo for the stagnation of standing still. Call it the new coke effect, where society takes three misguided steps back in tits interminable urgenecy to keep moving forward That said, I will be the first to admit that the future livelihood of an industrialized world most likely hinges on change, namely the discovery of an effective, inexpensive source of renewable energy. But as the federal government wastes billions here and billions there throwing money at hopeless companies whth hapless executives (solyndra, for instance), I can't help but feel like renewable energy is New coke. Certainly, we have not yet perfected our energetic ways and means, but why are we so obsessed with discarding what we have now? Principally, desite decades of apocalyptic forecasting of peak oil, petroleum output is as halthy as ever, In fact, petroleum companies are leaving the industry not because oil reserves are dwindiling, but rather because oil production is so massive that demand is falling considerably. Case in point: oil is currently selling at a third the cost of bottled water so, yes - the day most likely will come when the wells run dry . But, until then, let us celebrate oru good fortune and be thankful for what we have. 48. The author of passage 2 primarily uses the example in linkes 88-90 ("Case in ... water ) to
No one is sure how much available oil is left, but considering our oil reserves took hundreads of millions of years to form, time to depletion is little more than a blink of an eye, so we have two options stop relying on oil or use it up and watch the ensuing chaos. One promisiog alternative fuel source is ethanol. Our ancestors have been fermenting organic matter to make ethanol for thousands of years. today ethanol is primarily consumed in alcoholic bevergaes, but why not also use it to power our cars This alternative fuel in made by fermenting crops such as wheat, corn, and sugarcane, one glucose molecule is broken down to form two ethanol molecules and two carbon doioxide molecules. Because it is made form organic matter, it is renewable a big pro compared to oil. Another benfit is that it s domestically made so we don't have to rely on tther countries for it. unfortunately, it's slightly more expernsive per mile than gasoline. Additionally, because its production uses crops, widespread implementation may cause an increase in some food prices. Another promising alternative is biodiesel. Biodiesel is made out of animal fats, plant fats, and even used grease from restaurants. The glycerol becakone is removed from the fat, breaking the fat tnto three separate chains, which are then reacted with an alcohol to form the biodiesel. this type of chemical reaction is called a transesterification. Like ethanol, biodiesel is also renewable and domestically produced. it's also cmpletely nontoxic and biodegradable. unfortunately, like ethanol, it also more expensive. While they may be more expensive, both of these fuel sources produce fewer greenhouse gases than regula gasoline. A couple extra dollars is a small oprice to pay for the environmental friendliness and self -sufficiency that these alternatives would provide our current alternatives may not be perfect, but that's no reason to be disc ouraged. The time for alternative fuel exploration is now. Why wait for oil to run out when superior sources of energy are already available and more are within reach? there is a natural tendency to confuse change with progress. This is perfectly under-standable. especially considering that we went from invnting electricity to perfecting aviation to reaching the moon all in ta time period analogous to just a blink in hte grand scheme of human history. such rodigious leaps have left us hungry ofor more leaps, and there are benefits to restlessness, even if entropic, throw enough aimless darts in every direction and you'll find a bull's eye, even if by accident. But, such leaps have also left us skeptical against inaction, and now there is a proclivity to mistake the status quo for the stagnation of standing still. Call it the new coke effect, where society takes three misguided steps back in tits interminable urgenecy to keep moving forward That said, I will be the first to admit that the future livelihood of an industrialized world most likely hinges on change, namely the discovery of an effective, inexpensive source of renewable energy. But as the federal government wastes billions here and billions there throwing money at hopeless companies whth hapless executives (solyndra, for instance), I can't help but feel like renewable energy is New coke. Certainly, we have not yet perfected our energetic ways and means, but why are we so obsessed with discarding what we have now? Principally, desite decades of apocalyptic forecasting of peak oil, petroleum output is as halthy as ever, In fact, petroleum companies are leaving the industry not because oil reserves are dwindiling, but rather because oil production is so massive that demand is falling considerably. Case in point: oil is currently selling at a third the cost of bottled water so, yes - the day most likely will come when the wells run dry . But, until then, let us celebrate oru good fortune and be thankful for what we have. 49. The author of passage 1 would most likely state that the author of passage 2 needs to make what important clarification to his statement in lines 82-84(" principally .. . ever")?
No one is sure how much available oil is left, but considering our oil reserves took hundreads of millions of years to form, time to depletion is little more than a blink of an eye, so we have two options stop relying on oil or use it up and watch the ensuing chaos. One promisiog alternative fuel source is ethanol. Our ancestors have been fermenting organic matter to make ethanol for thousands of years. today ethanol is primarily consumed in alcoholic bevergaes, but why not also use it to power our cars This alternative fuel in made by fermenting crops such as wheat, corn, and sugarcane, one glucose molecule is broken down to form two ethanol molecules and two carbon doioxide molecules. Because it is made form organic matter, it is renewable a big pro compared to oil. Another benfit is that it s domestically made so we don't have to rely on tther countries for it. unfortunately, it's slightly more expernsive per mile than gasoline. Additionally, because its production uses crops, widespread implementation may cause an increase in some food prices. Another promising alternative is biodiesel. Biodiesel is made out of animal fats, plant fats, and even used grease from restaurants. The glycerol becakone is removed from the fat, breaking the fat tnto three separate chains, which are then reacted with an alcohol to form the biodiesel. this type of chemical reaction is called a transesterification. Like ethanol, biodiesel is also renewable and domestically produced. it's also cmpletely nontoxic and biodegradable. unfortunately, like ethanol, it also more expensive. While they may be more expensive, both of these fuel sources produce fewer greenhouse gases than regula gasoline. A couple extra dollars is a small oprice to pay for the environmental friendliness and self -sufficiency that these alternatives would provide our current alternatives may not be perfect, but that's no reason to be disc ouraged. The time for alternative fuel exploration is now. Why wait for oil to run out when superior sources of energy are already available and more are within reach? there is a natural tendency to confuse change with progress. This is perfectly under-standable. especially considering that we went from invnting electricity to perfecting aviation to reaching the moon all in ta time period analogous to just a blink in hte grand scheme of human history. such rodigious leaps have left us hungry ofor more leaps, and there are benefits to restlessness, even if entropic, throw enough aimless darts in every direction and you'll find a bull's eye, even if by accident. But, such leaps have also left us skeptical against inaction, and now there is a proclivity to mistake the status quo for the stagnation of standing still. Call it the new coke effect, where society takes three misguided steps back in tits interminable urgenecy to keep moving forward That said, I will be the first to admit that the future livelihood of an industrialized world most likely hinges on change, namely the discovery of an effective, inexpensive source of renewable energy. But as the federal government wastes billions here and billions there throwing money at hopeless companies whth hapless executives (solyndra, for instance), I can't help but feel like renewable energy is New coke. Certainly, we have not yet perfected our energetic ways and means, but why are we so obsessed with discarding what we have now? Principally, desite decades of apocalyptic forecasting of peak oil, petroleum output is as halthy as ever, In fact, petroleum companies are leaving the industry not because oil reserves are dwindiling, but rather because oil production is so massive that demand is falling considerably. Case in point: oil is currently selling at a third the cost of bottled water so, yes - the day most likely will come when the wells run dry . But, until then, let us celebrate oru good fortune and be thankful for what we have. 51. What evidence from passage 1 would the author of passage 2 most effectively use to support his statement in lines 78-81 (" certainly .. now")?
AAKASH INSTITUTE ENGLISH-STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCEMENT IN FOOD PRODUCTION-Try Yourself
- Identify true or false statements (i) Conventional plant breding is ...
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- Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. (i) Resistance to the mo...
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- Mark true false the following statements. (i) The shift from grain ...
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- Fill in the blanks with suitable words in following statements. (i) ...
04:13
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