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How many of the following ions have spin...

How many of the following ions have spin mangnetic moment more than `4 B.M`.
`Ti^(3+), Cu^(+), Ni^(2+),Fe^(3+),Mn^(2+), Co^(2+)`

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To determine how many of the given ions have a spin magnetic moment greater than 4 Bohr Magnetons (B.M.), we will calculate the spin magnetic moment for each ion using the formula: \[ \text{Spin Magnetic Moment} = \sqrt{n(n + 2)} \] where \( n \) is the number of unpaired electrons. Let's analyze each ion step by step: 1. **Titanium Ion (Ti³⁺)**: - Electronic configuration: \( \text{Ti}^{3+} \) has an electronic configuration of \( [Ar] 3d^1 \). - Number of unpaired electrons (\( n \)): 1 (since there is one electron in the 3d subshell). - Spin magnetic moment: \[ \sqrt{1(1 + 2)} = \sqrt{3} \approx 1.73 \, \text{B.M.} \] 2. **Copper Ion (Cu⁺)**: - Electronic configuration: \( \text{Cu}^{+} \) has an electronic configuration of \( [Ar] 3d^{10} \). - Number of unpaired electrons (\( n \)): 0 (since all 10 electrons are paired). - Spin magnetic moment: \[ \sqrt{0(0 + 2)} = 0 \, \text{B.M.} \] 3. **Nickel Ion (Ni²⁺)**: - Electronic configuration: \( \text{Ni}^{2+} \) has an electronic configuration of \( [Ar] 3d^8 \). - Number of unpaired electrons (\( n \)): 2 (in the 3d subshell, there are 2 unpaired electrons). - Spin magnetic moment: \[ \sqrt{2(2 + 2)} = \sqrt{8} \approx 2.83 \, \text{B.M.} \] 4. **Iron Ion (Fe³⁺)**: - Electronic configuration: \( \text{Fe}^{3+} \) has an electronic configuration of \( [Ar] 3d^5 \). - Number of unpaired electrons (\( n \)): 5 (since all 5 electrons are unpaired). - Spin magnetic moment: \[ \sqrt{5(5 + 2)} = \sqrt{35} \approx 5.92 \, \text{B.M.} \] 5. **Manganese Ion (Mn²⁺)**: - Electronic configuration: \( \text{Mn}^{2+} \) has an electronic configuration of \( [Ar] 3d^5 \). - Number of unpaired electrons (\( n \)): 5 (all 5 electrons are unpaired). - Spin magnetic moment: \[ \sqrt{5(5 + 2)} = \sqrt{35} \approx 5.92 \, \text{B.M.} \] 6. **Cobalt Ion (Co²⁺)**: - Electronic configuration: \( \text{Co}^{2+} \) has an electronic configuration of \( [Ar] 3d^7 \). - Number of unpaired electrons (\( n \)): 3 (there are 3 unpaired electrons). - Spin magnetic moment: \[ \sqrt{3(3 + 2)} = \sqrt{15} \approx 3.87 \, \text{B.M.} \] ### Summary of Results: - \( \text{Ti}^{3+} \): \( \sqrt{3} \approx 1.73 \, \text{B.M.} \) (not > 4) - \( \text{Cu}^{+} \): \( 0 \, \text{B.M.} \) (not > 4) - \( \text{Ni}^{2+} \): \( \sqrt{8} \approx 2.83 \, \text{B.M.} \) (not > 4) - \( \text{Fe}^{3+} \): \( \sqrt{35} \approx 5.92 \, \text{B.M.} \) (is > 4) - \( \text{Mn}^{2+} \): \( \sqrt{35} \approx 5.92 \, \text{B.M.} \) (is > 4) - \( \text{Co}^{2+} \): \( \sqrt{15} \approx 3.87 \, \text{B.M.} \) (not > 4) ### Conclusion: The ions with spin magnetic moments greater than 4 B.M. are \( \text{Fe}^{3+} \) and \( \text{Mn}^{2+} \). Therefore, **2 ions** have a spin magnetic moment greater than 4 B.M.

To determine how many of the given ions have a spin magnetic moment greater than 4 Bohr Magnetons (B.M.), we will calculate the spin magnetic moment for each ion using the formula: \[ \text{Spin Magnetic Moment} = \sqrt{n(n + 2)} \] where \( n \) is the number of unpaired electrons. ...
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