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Let f(x) = x^3 + ax^2 + bx + c and g(x) ...

Let `f(x) = x^3 + ax^2 + bx + c` and `g(x) = x^3 + bx^2 + cx + a`, where a, b, c are integers. Suppose that the following conditions hold-
(a) `f(1) = 0`,
(b) the roots of g(x) = 0 are the squares of the roots of f(x) = 0. Find the value of: `a^(2013) + b^(2013) + c^(2013)`

Text Solution

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The correct Answer is:
To solve the problem, we will follow these steps: 1. **Understanding the Functions**: We have two cubic functions: \[ f(x) = x^3 + ax^2 + bx + c \] \[ g(x) = x^3 + bx^2 + cx + a \] where \( a, b, c \) are integers. 2. **Using the Given Conditions**: - From the condition \( f(1) = 0 \): \[ f(1) = 1 + a + b + c = 0 \implies a + b + c = -1 \quad \text{(1)} \] - The roots of \( g(x) = 0 \) are the squares of the roots of \( f(x) = 0 \). Let the roots of \( f(x) = 0 \) be \( 1, p, q \). Then the roots of \( g(x) = 0 \) are \( 1^2, p^2, q^2 \). 3. **Finding the Sum and Product of Roots**: - For \( f(x) \): \[ 1 + p + q = -a \quad \text{(sum of roots)} \] \[ 1pq + p + q = b \quad \text{(sum of products of roots taken two at a time)} \] \[ 1pq = -c \quad \text{(product of roots)} \] - For \( g(x) \): \[ 1 + p^2 + q^2 = -b \quad \text{(sum of roots)} \] \[ 1p^2 + 1q^2 + p^2q^2 = c \quad \text{(sum of products of roots taken two at a time)} \] \[ 1p^2q^2 = -a \quad \text{(product of roots)} \] 4. **Relating the Roots**: - From the sum of roots of \( f(x) \): \[ p + q = -a - 1 \quad \text{(2)} \] - From the product of roots of \( f(x) \): \[ pq = -\frac{c}{1} = -c \quad \text{(3)} \] 5. **Expressing \( p^2 + q^2 \)**: Using the identity \( p^2 + q^2 = (p + q)^2 - 2pq \): \[ p^2 + q^2 = (-a - 1)^2 - 2(-c) = (a + 1)^2 + 2c \quad \text{(4)} \] 6. **Substituting into \( g(x) \)**: - From \( g(x) \): \[ 1 + p^2 + q^2 = -b \implies 1 + (a + 1)^2 + 2c = -b \quad \text{(5)} \] - From the product of roots of \( g(x) \): \[ 1p^2q^2 = -a \implies pq^2 = -a \quad \text{(6)} - Substitute \( pq = -c \) into \( (pq)^2 \): \[ (-c)^2 = c^2 \] 7. **Solving the System**: - From (1), (5), and (6), we can express \( a, b, c \) in terms of each other and solve for integer solutions. - After substituting and simplifying, we find: \[ c = -1, a = -1, b = 1 \] 8. **Final Calculation**: We need to find \( a^{2013} + b^{2013} + c^{2013} \): \[ a^{2013} + b^{2013} + c^{2013} = (-1)^{2013} + 1^{2013} + (-1)^{2013} = -1 + 1 - 1 = -1 \] Thus, the final answer is: \[ \boxed{-1} \]
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