Which of the following ions has resonating structures?

Options

A. `SO_(3)^(2-)`
B. `PO_(4)^(3-)`
C. `SO_(4)^(2-)`
D. All of these

Explanation

To determine which of the given ions has resonating structures, we will analyze each option step by step.

### Step 1: Analyze SO3^2-
1. **Draw the Lewis structure**: The sulfate ion (SO3^2-) consists of a sulfur atom bonded to three oxygen atoms. Two of the oxygen atoms carry a negative charge.
- Structure:
```
O
||
O-S-O^-
|
O^-
```
2. **Identify resonance**: The negative charges on the oxygen atoms can shift, allowing for multiple valid structures. The double bond can be between sulfur and any of the oxygen atoms.
3. **Conclusion**: SO3^2- has resonating structures.

### Step 2: Analyze PO4^3-
1. **Draw the Lewis structure**: The phosphate ion (PO4^3-) has a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms, with three of them carrying a negative charge.
- Structure:
```
O^-
|
O=P-O^-
|
O^-
```
2. **Identify resonance**: Similar to SO3^2-, the double bond between phosphorus and one of the oxygen atoms can shift among the four oxygen atoms.
3. **Conclusion**: PO4^3- also has resonating structures.

### Step 3: Analyze SO4^2-
1. **Draw the Lewis structure**: The sulfate ion (SO4^2-) consists of a sulfur atom bonded to four oxygen atoms, with two of them carrying a negative charge.
- Structure:
```
O^-
|
O=S=O
|
O^-
```
2. **Identify resonance**: The double bonds can shift among the oxygen atoms, similar to the previous ions.
3. **Conclusion**: SO4^2- has resonating structures as well.

### Final Conclusion:
All three ions (SO3^2-, PO4^3-, and SO4^2-) have resonating structures. Therefore, the answer is that all of the options provided have resonating structures.