What is the process of dehydrating the microbes by adding salt or sugar called?

Options

A. Osmosis
B. Fermentation
C. Pasteurization
D. Ultra-heat treatment

Answer

To answer the question about the process of dehydrating microbes by adding salt or sugar, we can break it down into the following steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Preservation Techniques**:
- The question pertains to a method used for preserving food and preventing microbial growth. Common methods include refrigeration, canning, and the use of salt or sugar.

2. **Role of Salt and Sugar**:
- Salt and sugar are commonly used in high amounts for preservation. When added to food, they create an environment that is unfavorable for the growth of microbes.

3. **Creating a Hypertonic Medium**:
- When salt or sugar is added, it creates a hypertonic medium. This means that the concentration of solutes (salt or sugar) outside the microbial cells is higher than inside the cells.

4. **Osmosis Process**:
- Due to the hypertonic environment, water moves out of the microbial cells into the surrounding medium. This movement of water is known as osmosis, which is defined as the movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.

5. **Dehydration of Microbes**:
- As water leaves the microbial cells, they become dehydrated. This dehydration can lead to the shrinking of the cells and ultimately limits their growth and reproduction.

6. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the process of dehydrating microbes by adding salt or sugar is called **osmosis**.

### Final Answer:
The process of dehydrating the microbes by adding salt or sugar is called **osmosis**.