Define `sp^(2)` Hybridisation. Explain the structure of Ethylene `(C_(2)H_(4))`.

Explanation

`sp^(2)` Hybridisation: The phenomenon of intermixing of one.s d two p orbitals forming three `sp^(2)` hybrid orbitals is hybridisation.
a.`C_(2)H_(4)` (ethylenes): In the formation of enthylene molecule, the two carbon atoms will undergo `sp^(2)` hybridistion in their ex cited states. As a result of which `sp^(2)` hybrid orbitals will form on each of them. All the six hybrid orbitals contain an electron each At first one `sp^(2)` hybrid orbtial of each carbon atom overlap Head -Head forming one sigma bond in between them. Now the remaining four `sp^(2)` hybrid orbitals overlap Head -Head with 1s orbitals of foru H atoms forming four sigma bonds. Now, the unhybridised pure `2p_(z)` orbitals of each carbonatom overlap side wide forming`pi` bond in between them. Thus a double bond in formed in between the two carbon atoms.
Intotal there are five sigma bonds and one pi and bond in ethyiene molecule. The molecule as a whose is palanar.