Identify the bones which are related to axial skeleton

Options

A. 1)Vomer, Scapula, Hyoid, Tarsal
B. 2)Patella, Hip bone, Scapula, Tibia
C. 3)Malleus, Coccyx, Sternum, Lacrimal
D. 4)Fibula, Sacrum, Clavicle, Zygomatic bone

Answer

To identify the bones that are related to the axial skeleton, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Axial Skeleton**: The axial skeleton is a part of the human skeleton that consists of the bones along the body's long axis. It includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.

2. **Counting the Bones**: The axial skeleton is made up of a total of 80 bones. These bones are categorized into different groups:
- **Cranial Bones**: There are 8 cranial bones that form the skull.
- **Facial Bones**: There are 14 facial bones.
- **Vertebral Column**: This consists of 26 vertebrae.
- **Ribs**: There are 24 ribs.
- **Sternum**: There is 1 sternum.
- **Ear Ossicles**: There are 6 ear ossicles (3 in each ear).

3. **Listing the Bones**: From the above categories, we can list the bones that are part of the axial skeleton:
- **Cranial Bones**: Frontal, Parietal (2), Temporal (2), Occipital, Sphenoid, Ethmoid.
- **Facial Bones**: Nasal (2), Maxilla (2), Zygomatic (2), Palatine (2), Lacrimal (2), Nasal concha (2), Vomer, Mandible.
- **Vertebral Column**: Cervical (7), Thoracic (12), Lumbar (5), Sacrum (1), Coccyx (1).
- **Ribs**: 12 pairs (24 total).
- **Sternum**: Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid process.
- **Ear Ossicles**: Malleus, Incus, Stapes (3 in each ear).

4. **Identifying Options**: Now we can evaluate the options provided in the question:
- **Option 1**: Vomer, scapula, hyoid, tarsal. (Incorrect - scapula and tarsal are not axial)
- **Option 2**: Patella, hip bones, scapula, tibia. (Incorrect - all are not axial)
- **Option 3**: Malleus, coccyx, sternum, lacrimal. (Correct - malleus is an ear ossicle, coccyx is part of the vertebral column, sternum is part of the rib cage, lacrimal is a facial bone)
- **Option 4**: Fibula, sacrum, clavicle, zygomatic bone. (Incorrect - fibula and clavicle are not axial)

5. **Conclusion**: The correct option that identifies bones related to the axial skeleton is **Option 3**: Malleus, coccyx, sternum, and lacrimal.