The number of 'sigma' and `pi` bonds in 2-formylbenzoic acid are respectively

Options

A. 10, 3
B. 14, 3
C. 12, 5
D. 17, 5

Explanation

To determine the number of sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds in 2-formylbenzoic acid, we will follow these steps:

### Step 1: Draw the Structure of 2-Formylbenzoic Acid
2-formylbenzoic acid consists of a benzene ring with a carboxylic acid (-COOH) group and an aldehyde (-CHO) group at the ortho position.

### Step 2: Identify the Types of Bonds
- **Sigma Bonds (σ)**: These are single covalent bonds formed by the head-on overlap of atomic orbitals.
- **Pi Bonds (π)**: These are formed by the side-to-side overlap of p orbitals and are present in double and triple bonds.

### Step 3: Count the Pi Bonds
1. **In the Benzene Ring**: The benzene ring has 3 π bonds due to the alternating double bonds.
2. **In the Aldehyde Group (-CHO)**: There is 1 π bond in the C=O double bond.
3. **In the Carboxylic Acid Group (-COOH)**: There is also 1 π bond in the C=O double bond.

**Total π Bonds**:
- 3 (from benzene) + 1 (from aldehyde) + 1 (from carboxylic acid) = **5 π bonds**.

### Step 4: Count the Sigma Bonds
1. **C-H Bonds**: There are 4 C-H bonds in the structure.
2. **C-C Bonds in the Benzene Ring**: There are 6 C-C bonds in the benzene ring.
3. **C-C Bonds Outside the Ring**: There are 2 additional C-C bonds (one between the carbon of the aldehyde and the benzene, and one between the carbon of the carboxylic acid and the benzene).
4. **C-O Bonds**: There are 3 C-O bonds (one in the aldehyde and two in the carboxylic acid).
5. **O-H Bond**: There is 1 O-H bond.

**Total σ Bonds**:
- C-H bonds: 4
- C-C bonds (benzene): 6
- C-C bonds (outside): 2
- C-O bonds: 3
- O-H bond: 1

Calculating the total:
4 (C-H) + 6 (C-C in benzene) + 2 (C-C outside) + 3 (C-O) + 1 (O-H) = **16 σ bonds**.

### Final Count
- **Number of σ bonds**: 16
- **Number of π bonds**: 5

Thus, the number of sigma and pi bonds in 2-formylbenzoic acid are respectively **16 and 5**.