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Give reason why elemental nitrogen exits...

Give reason why elemental nitrogen exitsts as diatomic molecule whereas elemental phosphours is a tetraatomic molecule.

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In the form of elemental nitrogen it exists as a diatmic molecule `(N_(2))`.This is due to the fact that nitrogen can form `ppi-ppi` multiple bond (N=N) because of small size of nitrogen atom. Heavier elements of this group do not able to form `ppi-ppi` bonds as their atomic orbitals are so large and diffuse that they cannot have effective overlapping. Further P-P single bond is stronger thatn N-N single bond. Hence phosphorus as tendency to under go catenation.
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Assertion : Elemental nitrogen exist as a diatomic molecule and phospours as tetratomic molecule. Reason :Nitrogen does not have vacant d-orbital wheras phosphorus have vacant d-orbital.