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2-methylpropene...

2-methylpropene

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`CH_(3)-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)(C)=CH_(2)`
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Alexander Williamson prepared diethyl by a simple method, now called as Williamson's ether synthesis . In this method, an alkyl halide is treated with sodium alkoxide prepared from sodium and alcohol. This reaction is used in the synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical ethers. It may be noted taht for preparing unsymmetrical ethers, the halide used should preferably be primary because secondary and tertiary alkyl halides may form alkenes as major product due to elimination process. CH_(3)-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(|)(C)-Br+underset("Sodium ethoxide")(Na^(+)O^(-)-C_(2)H_(5))rarrunderset("2-methylpropene")(CH_(3)-overset(CH_(3))overset(|)(C)=CH_(2))+C_(2)H_(5)OH+NaBr Aryl ethers or phenolic ethers can be prepared by using sodium phenoxide and alkyl halides. However, aryl halides and sodium alkoxide cannot be used for preparing phenolic ethers because aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) is added in gasoline to improve its octane number . CH_(3)-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(|)(C)-O-CH_(3) Which of the following is the best method for synthesis of the above ether ?

Alexander Williamson prepared diethyl by a simple method, now called as Williamson's ether synthesis . In this method, an alkyl halide is treated with sodium alkoxide prepared from sodium and alcohol. This reaction is used in the synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical ethers. It may be noted taht for preparing unsymmetrical ethers, the halide used should preferably be primary because secondary and tertiary alkyl halides may form alkenes as major product due to elimination process. CH_(3)-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(|)(C)-Br+underset("Sodium ethoxide")(Na^(+)O^(-)-C_(2)H_(5))rarrunderset("2-methylpropene")(CH_(3)-overset(CH_(3))overset(|)(C)=CH_(2))+C_(2)H_(5)OH+NaBr Aryl ethers or phenolic ethers can be prepared by using sodium phenoxide and alkyl halides. However, aryl halides and sodium alkoxide cannot be used for preparing phenolic ethers because aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction To which of the following mechanisms does the reaction ( Williamson's ether synthesis ) belong ?

Alexander Williamson prepared diethyl by a simple method, now called as Williamson's ether synthesis . In this method, an alkyl halide is treated with sodium alkoxide prepared from sodium and alcohol. This reaction is used in the synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical ethers. It may be noted taht for preparing unsymmetrical ethers, the halide used should preferably be primary because secondary and tertiary alkyl halides may form alkenes as major product due to elimination process. CH_(3)-underset(CH_(3))underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(|)(C)-Br+underset("Sodium ethoxide")(Na^(+)O^(-)-C_(2)H_(5))rarrunderset("2-methylpropene")(CH_(3)-overset(CH_(3))overset(|)(C)=CH_(2))+C_(2)H_(5)OH+NaBr Aryl ethers or phenolic ethers can be prepared by using sodium phenoxide and alkyl halides. However, aryl halides and sodium alkoxide cannot be used for preparing phenolic ethers because aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction Arrange the following halides in decreasing order of reactivity towards Williamson's ether synthesis : underset((u))(CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)Cl)," "underset((v))(CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)Br), underset((w))((CH_(3))_(3)C-CH_(2)Br)," "underset((x))(H_(2)C=CH-CH_(2)Cl)

The electronic displacements in covalent bonds may occur either in the ground state under the influence of an atom or a substituent group or in presence of an appropriate attacking reagent. As a result of these electron displacements, centres of different electron densities are created and these centres are susceptible to attack by the reagents. These electron displacements occur through inductive electromeric, resonance and hyperconjugation effects. Whereas inductive effect involves displacement of sigam -electrons towards the substituent, resonance effect involves delocalization of pi- electrons transmitted through the chain and both are permanent effect. Electromeric effect is the complete transfer of a shared pair of pi - electrons to one of the atoms joined by a multiple bond on the demand of an attacking reagent. Hyperconjugation effects on the other hand involve delocalization of sigma -electrons of C-H bond of an alkyl group directly attached to an atom of unsaturated system (i.e., sigma-pi -conjugation). Both inductive and hyperconjugation effects can be used to explain the stability of carbocations and free radicals which follow the stability order : 3^(@)gt2^(@)gt1^(@) . The stability or carbanions, however, follows the reverse order. An organic reaction occurs through making and breaking of bonds. The breaking of a covalent bond may occur either homolytic leading to the formation of free radicals or heterolytic forming positively (carbocations) or negatively (carbanions) charged species. Most of the attacking reagents carry either a positive or a negative charge. The positively charged species with electron deficient centre or neutral species (free radicals, carbenes, nitrene) are collectively called electrophiles, while negatively charged species with electron rich centre or neutral species (like water, alcohol, ammonia, etc.) are called nucleophiles. Consider the following alkenes and what is correct decreasing order of stability? {:(underset("(I)")underset("But-1-ene")(CH_(3)CH_(2)CH=CH_(2))", "underset("(II)")underset("2,3-Dimethylbut-2-ene")((CH_(3))_(2)C=(CH_(3))_(2))","),(underset("(III)")underset("2-Methylbut-2-ene")((CH_(3))_(2)C=CHCH_(3))", "underset("(IV)")underset("2-Methylpropene")((CH_(3))_(2)C=CH_(3))):}