Arvind is a student of class IX. One day he had to visit a dentist in the morning because of severe toothache, so he reached late in the school. At that time, his classmates were doing physics experiments in the science laboratory. The science teacher, Mr. Bhatia, asked Arvind to stand alongside Rahul and observe carefully what he was doing. Rahul took a glass tumbler and placed a thick square card on its mouth. He then placed a coin above this card in middle. Rahul flicked the card hard with his fingers. On flicking, the card moved away but the coin dropped into the glass tumbler. After the experiment was over, Mr. Bhatia, asked Arvind to answer the following questions:
(a) What is the 'initial state' of the card? Why does the card move away when flicked with fingers?
(b) What is the 'initial state' of the coin? Why does coin not move away when the card is flicked with fingers?
(c) Which property of coin is exhibited by the fact that the coin drops into glass tumbler when card is flicked away with fingers and moves away? Explain your answer.
(d) What was Rahul trying to illustrate by performing this experiment?
(e) What values are displayed by Arvind in this episode?

Explanation

(a) The 'initial state' of the card is that of 'rest' (or 'stationary'). When the card is flicked (or hit) with fingers, then a force acts on the card and changes its state of 'rest' to that of 'motion'. Due to this, the card moves away from the mouth of glass tumbler.
(b) The 'initial state' of the coin is also that of 'rest' (or 'stationary'). when the card is flicked (or hit) with fingers, then the force exerted by fingers does not act on the coin placed on the card and hence the coin does not move away (the force of flick acts only on the card)
(c) Since the force of flick of fingers does not act on the coin placed on the card, the coin continues to be in its 'state of rest' due to 'inertia' and drops into the glass tumbler (when the card below moves away). So, the coin exhibits the property of 'inertia'.
(d) Rahul was trying to illustrate Newton's first law of motion by performing this experiment.
(e) The valyes displayed by Arvind in this episode are (i) Keen observation (ii) Knowledge of Newton's first law of motion, and (iii) Ability to apply knowledge in solving problems.