Chlorobenzene on nitration gives major product of

Options

A. 1 - chloro - 4 - nitro benzene
B. 1 - chloro - 3 - nitro benzene
C. 1,4 - dintro benzene
D. 2,4,6 - tri nitro benzene

Explanation

To determine the major product of the nitration of chlorobenzene, we need to analyze the reaction step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Chlorobenzene**:
Chlorobenzene is an aromatic compound with the formula C6H5Cl. It consists of a benzene ring (C6H5) with a chlorine atom (Cl) attached to it.

**Hint**: Remember that chlorobenzene is an aromatic compound, which influences its reactivity.

2. **Nitration Reaction**:
The nitration of aromatic compounds typically involves the use of a mixture of concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) and concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4). This mixture generates the nitronium ion (NO2+), which is the electrophile that will attack the aromatic ring.

**Hint**: The nitronium ion (NO2+) is a key electrophile in the nitration process.

3. **Electrophilic Attack**:
The nitronium ion will attack the aromatic ring of chlorobenzene. The chlorine atom is an electron-withdrawing group due to its electronegativity, but it also has lone pairs that can participate in resonance, making the ortho and para positions more reactive towards electrophilic substitution.

**Hint**: Consider the resonance effects of the chlorine atom on the aromatic ring.

4. **Possible Positions for Nitration**:
The nitronium ion can attack either the ortho (adjacent) or para (opposite) positions relative to the chlorine atom. This gives rise to two possible products:
- Ortho product (1,2-dichlorobenzene)
- Para product (1,4-dichlorobenzene)

**Hint**: Identify the positions on the benzene ring where the electrophile can attack.

5. **Stability of Products**:
The ortho product is less stable due to steric hindrance (the proximity of the bulky nitro group and chlorine atom), while the para product is more stable because it minimizes steric interactions.

**Hint**: Consider steric hindrance when evaluating the stability of the products.

6. **Conclusion**:
Given that the para product is more stable than the ortho product, the major product of the nitration of chlorobenzene will be the para-nitrochlorobenzene.

**Final Answer**: The major product of the nitration of chlorobenzene is para-nitrochlorobenzene.