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"A population has been exhibiting geneti...

"A population has been exhibiting genetic equilibrium". Answer the following with regard to the above statement.
(i) Explain the above statement.
(ii) Name the underlying principle.
(iii) List any two factors which would upset the genetic equilibrium of the population.
(iv) Take up any one such factor and explain how the gene pool will change due to that factor

Text Solution

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(i)The relative frequency of alleles of sexually reproducing organisms in a given population remains constant from generation to generation . This is called Hardy Weinberg equilibrium law.
(ii)According to Hardy Weinberg's equilibrium law, the above statement is true as long as
(a)a population is large enough and changes in allele frequencies due to chance or accident are insignificant :
(b)mating occurs at random
(c )mutation does not occur
(d)all the members of the population survive and have equal reproductive rates
(iii)The two factors that can affect Hardy Weinberg equilibrium are -
(a)Gene migration , (b)Recombination
(iv)When a section of a population migrates to another geographical area , the gene (allele) frequencies change in the original population as well as in new population. New genes/alleles are added to the new population and these are lost from the old population. This results in change in gene pool (total genes and their alleles in the population ) in both the populations
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