which of the following favours the existenence of a substance in the solid state ?

Options

A. high temperature
B. Low temperature
C. High thermal energy
D. Weak cohesive forces

Explanation

To determine which of the following conditions favors the existence of a substance in the solid state, we will analyze each option provided:

1. **High Temperature**:
- At high temperatures, the kinetic energy of the particles increases. This increased energy causes the particles to move more vigorously, which can overcome the attractive forces holding them in a solid structure. Therefore, high temperatures do not favor the solid state.

2. **Low Temperature**:
- At low temperatures, the kinetic energy of the particles decreases. This reduction in energy allows the attractive forces (cohesive forces) between the particles to dominate, resulting in slower molecular motion. As a result, particles are more likely to remain close together, favoring the formation and stability of the solid state. Thus, low temperature is favorable for the existence of a substance in the solid state.

3. **High Thermal Energy**:
- High thermal energy, similar to high temperature, increases the motion of the particles. This increased motion can disrupt the orderly arrangement of particles in a solid, making it less likely for the substance to remain in the solid state. Therefore, high thermal energy is unfavorable for solid state existence.

4. **Weak Cohesive Forces**:
- Cohesive forces are the attractive forces that hold particles together in a solid. If these forces are weak, the particles will not be held closely together, making it difficult for the substance to maintain a solid structure. Thus, weak cohesive forces are also unfavorable for solid state existence.

After analyzing all options, we conclude that the condition that favors the existence of a substance in the solid state is:

**Correct Answer: Low Temperature**