Which one of the following is a major hurdle in finding ways to property harness nuclear fusion energy on a commercial scale in an effort to solve nuclear crisis?

Options

A. Purifications of raw material
B. Finding safe ways to disposing off the waste products
C. To maintain high temperature for the reaction
D. Non-availability of skilled scientists

Answer

To determine the major hurdle in harnessing nuclear fusion energy on a commercial scale, we will analyze each option provided in the question.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Nuclear Fusion**:
- Nuclear fusion is the process where two light atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing a significant amount of energy.
- For fusion to occur, extremely high temperatures (millions of degrees) are required to overcome the electrostatic repulsion between the positively charged nuclei.

2. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **Option 1: Purification of raw material**:
- The raw material for nuclear fusion typically includes isotopes like deuterium and tritium, which can be extracted from water and lithium.
- The purification process is not a significant hurdle, as these materials can be sourced and purified relatively easily.

- **Option 2: Finding safe ways to dispose of the waste products**:
- Fusion produces minimal radioactive waste compared to fission. The waste generated is less hazardous and has a shorter half-life.
- Current methods for managing nuclear waste from fission reactors are effective, and fusion waste is not a major hurdle.

- **Option 3: Maintaining the high temperature for the reaction**:
- Achieving and maintaining the extremely high temperatures required for fusion is indeed a major challenge.
- This involves advanced technology and materials that can withstand such conditions, making it a significant hurdle in commercializing fusion energy.

- **Option 4: Non-availability of skilled scientists**:
- There are many skilled scientists and researchers working in the field of nuclear fusion. This is not a major issue.

3. **Conclusion**:
- After analyzing all options, the major hurdle in harnessing nuclear fusion energy on a commercial scale is **Option 3: Maintaining the high temperature for the reaction**.

### Final Answer:
The major hurdle in finding ways to properly harness nuclear fusion energy on a commercial scale is **maintaining the high temperature for the reaction**.

---