Which of the following group (s) is/are `o-` and p-directing ?

Options

A. `- CN`
B. `- SO_3 H`
C. `- NH_2`
D. `-O- overset(O)overset(||)(C)-R`

Explanation

To determine which of the given groups are ortho and para directing, we need to analyze the electronic effects of each substituent on a benzene ring. Here’s a step-by-step solution:

### Step 1: Understand Ortho and Para Directing Groups
Ortho and para directing groups are those that activate the benzene ring for electrophilic substitution at the ortho (adjacent) and para (opposite) positions relative to themselves. These groups typically have a positive mesomeric effect (+M) or resonance effect (+R), meaning they can donate electron density to the aromatic system.

### Step 2: Identify the Given Groups
The groups mentioned in the question are:
1. CN (cyano group)
2. SO3H (sulfonic acid group)
3. NH2 (amino group)
4. OCOR (an acyl group)

### Step 3: Analyze Each Group
- **CN (Cyano Group)**: This group has a -M effect (it withdraws electrons) and is therefore a meta-directing group.

- **SO3H (Sulfonic Acid Group)**: Similar to CN, this group also has a -M effect and is a meta-directing group.

- **NH2 (Amino Group)**: This group has a +M effect (it donates electrons) due to the lone pair on nitrogen. It activates the benzene ring at the ortho and para positions.

- **OCOR (Acyl Group)**: This group also has a +M effect due to the lone pair on the oxygen. It activates the benzene ring at the ortho and para positions.

### Step 4: Conclusion
Based on the analysis:
- **Ortho and Para Directing Groups**: NH2 and OCOR
- **Meta Directing Groups**: CN and SO3H

Thus, the answer to the question is that the groups that are ortho and para directing are **NH2 and OCOR**.