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Markovnikov's rule is empirical but may ...

Markovnikov's rule is empirical but may be explained theoretically on the basis that the addition occurs by a

A

carbanion intermediate

B

carbocation intermediate

C

carbene intermediate

D

carbon free radical intermediate

Text Solution

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The correct Answer is:
B
It is an electrophilic addition reaction, the proton adding first followed by the halide ion:

Since `CH_(3)` group has `a+I` effect, the `pi` electrons are displaced ( electrometric effect) towards the terminal `C` atom which in consequence, acquires a negative charge. Thus, the `H^(+)` adds on the `C` farthest from the `CH_(3)` group and the `X^(-)` ion then adds to the carbocation.
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Knowledge Check

  • Markovnikov rule is applicable to

    A
    `CH_(2)=CH_(2)`
    B
    `CH_(3)-CH_(2)-CH_(3)`
    C
    `CH_(3)-CH=CH-CH_(3)`
    D

  • Markovnikov's rule governs the addition of

    A
    unsymmetrical reagents to symmetrical alkenes
    B
    symmetrical reagents to unsymmetrical alkenes
    C
    unsymmetrical reagents to unsymmetrical alkenes
    D
    symmetrical reagents to symmetrical alkenes.

  • The Markovnikov rule is best applicable to the reaction between

    A
    `C_2H_4+HCl`
    B
    `C_3H_6+Br_2`
    C
    `C_3H_6+HBr`
    D
    `C_3H_8+Cl_2`

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    Anti markovnikov's addition takes place in the presence of

    Vladimir Markovnikov rule: Alkenes undergo electrophilic addition reactions. It is triggered by the acid acting as a electrophile toward pi -electrons of the double bond. Markovnikov's rule states that when an unsymmetrically substituted alkene reacts with a hydrogen halide, the hydrogen atom adds to the carbon that has the greater number of hydrogen, e.g., Which of the following is most reactive toward Markovnikov addition?

    Vladimir Markovnikov rule: Alkenes undergo electrophilic addition reactions. It is triggered by the acid acting as a electrophile toward pi -electrons of the double bond. Markovnikov's rule states that when an unsymmetrically substituted alkene reacts with a hydrogen halide, the hydrogen atom adds to the carbon that has the greater number of hydrogen, e.g., Identify the major products r_(1), r_(2) and r_(3) in the given reactions

    Vladimir Markovnikov rule: Alkenes undergo electrophilic addition reactions. It is triggered by the acid acting as a electrophile toward pi -electrons of the double bond. Markovnikov's rule states that when an unsymmetrically substituted alkene reacts with a hydrogen halide, the hydrogen atom adds to the carbon that has the greater number of hydrogen, e.g., In which of the following reaction, diastereomers will be formed?

    Vladimir Markovnikov rule: Alkenes undergo electrophilic addition reactions. It is triggered by the acid acting as a electrophile toward pi -electrons of the double bond. Markovnikov's rule states that when an unsymmetrically substituted alkene reacts with a hydrogen halide, the hydrogen atom adds to the carbon that has the greater number of hydrogen, e.g., In which of the following reactions, product is racemic mixture?

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