Nitrobenzene gives N-phenylhydroxylamine by

Options

A. `Sn//HCI`
B. `H_(2)//Pd-C`
C. `Zn//NaOH`
D. `Zn//NH_(4)CI`

Explanation

To solve the question regarding the conversion of nitrobenzene to N-phenylhydroxylamine, we will analyze the options provided and identify the correct reducing agent that facilitates this transformation.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Reaction**:
Nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2) can be reduced to N-phenylhydroxylamine (C6H5NHOH). This is a reduction reaction where the nitro group (NO2) is converted to a hydroxylamine group (NHOH).

2. **Evaluate the Reducing Agents**:
We have four options to consider as reducing agents:
- Option 1: Sn in the presence of HCl (Scl)
- Option 2: Catalytic hydrogenation (H2 in presence of Pd)
- Option 3: Zn in presence of NaOH
- Option 4: Zn in presence of NH4Cl

3. **Analyze Each Option**:
- **Option 1 (Sn + HCl)**: This is a common method for reducing nitro compounds to amines. It can effectively reduce nitrobenzene to an amine, but it does not specifically yield hydroxylamine.
- **Option 2 (H2 + Pd)**: Catalytic hydrogenation can reduce nitrobenzene to an amine, but again, it does not directly yield hydroxylamine.
- **Option 3 (Zn + NaOH)**: Zinc in the presence of a strong base can reduce nitro compounds, but it typically leads to the formation of amines rather than hydroxylamines.
- **Option 4 (Zn + NH4Cl)**: This combination is known to reduce nitro compounds to hydroxylamines. The presence of NH4Cl helps in the formation of N-phenylhydroxylamine.

4. **Conclusion**:
Based on the analysis, the correct reducing agent that converts nitrobenzene to N-phenylhydroxylamine is **Option 4: Zn in presence of NH4Cl**.

### Final Answer:
Nitrobenzene gives N-phenylhydroxylamine by **Zn in presence of NH4Cl**.