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Electron deficient species are known as ...

Electron deficient species are known as electrophiles. All positviely changed species are not electronphilic. Covalent compound having complete octer but if central atom has unfilled d-orbital also act as electrophiles. All electrophiles are not always Lewis acid.
Which of the following is not electrophile

A

`H^(o+)`

B

`overset(o+)CH_(3)`

C

`BX_(3)`

D

`overset(o+)NH_(4)`

Text Solution

Verified by Experts

The correct Answer is:
D
`overset(o+)NH_(4)` has complete octet.
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Electrophiles are electron seeking species. Which of the following groups contain only electrophiles ?

The electronic displacements in covalent bonds may occur either in the ground state under the influence of an atom or a substituent group or in presence of an appropriate attacking reagent. As a result of these electron displacements, centres of different electron densities are created and these centres are susceptible to attack by the reagents. These electron displacements occur through inductive electromeric, resonance and hyperconjugation effects. Whereas inductive effect involves displacement of sigam -electrons towards the substituent, resonance effect involves delocalization of pi- electrons transmitted through the chain and both are permanent effect. Electromeric effect is the complete transfer of a shared pair of pi - electrons to one of the atoms joined by a multiple bond on the demand of an attacking reagent. Hyperconjugation effects on the other hand involve delocalization of sigma -electrons of C-H bond of an alkyl group directly attached to an atom of unsaturated system (i.e., sigma-pi -conjugation). Both inductive and hyperconjugation effects can be used to explain the stability of carbocations and free radicals which follow the stability order : 3^(@)gt2^(@)gt1^(@) . The stability or carbanions, however, follows the reverse order. An organic reaction occurs through making and breaking of bonds. The breaking of a covalent bond may occur either homolytic leading to the formation of free radicals or heterolytic forming positively (carbocations) or negatively (carbanions) charged species. Most of the attacking reagents carry either a positive or a negative charge. The positively charged species with electron deficient centre or neutral species (free radicals, carbenes, nitrene) are collectively called electrophiles, while negatively charged species with electron rich centre or neutral species (like water, alcohol, ammonia, etc.) are called nucleophiles. Out of the following series, the one containing only electrophiles is:

Knowledge Check

  • Electron deficient species are known as electrophiles. All positviely changed species are not electronphilic. Covalent compound having complete octer but if central atom has unfilled d-orbital also act as electrophiles. All electrophiles are not always Lewis acid Which of the following is electrophilic in nature?

    A
    `CO_(2)`
    B
    `H_(3)overset(* *)O^(o+)`
    C
    `CH_(4)`
    D
    `overset(Ɵ)AlCl_(4)`

  • Electron deficient species are known as electrophiles. All positviely changed species are not electronphilic. Covalent compound having complete octer but if central atom has unfilled d-orbital also act as electrophiles. All electrophiles are not always Lewis acid Which of the following electrophile is not Lewis acid?

    A
    `BCl_(3)`
    B
    `BeCl_(2)`
    C
    `overset(dot)CH_(3)`
    D
    `underset(* *)overset(* *)CH_(2)`

  • Which of the following species acts as electrophile ?

    A
    `OH^-`
    B
    `H_3O^+`
    C
    `Cl^-`
    D
    `NH_3`

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    Electrophiles are electron seeking species. Which of the following groups contain only electrophiles ?

    Electrophilies are electron seeking species. Which of the following groups contain only electrophiles ?

    An organic reaction occurs through making and breaking of bonds. The breaking of bonds may occur either homolytically leading to the formation of radicals or heterolytically generating positively and negatively charged species. The neutral species (free radicals, carbenes, nitrenes, etc.) and positively charged species being electron deifcient are collectively called electrophiles while neutral and negatively charged species which are electron rich are called nucleophiles. An organic reaction usually involves the attack of a reagent (radicals, positively and negatively charged species) on the substrate molecule). The substrate molecule, although as a whole electrically neutral, has centres of low and high electron density due to displacement of bonding electrons. These electrons displacements occur through inductive, electromeric occur through inductive, electromeric, resonance and hyperconjugation effects. Whereas inductive effects involve displacement transfer of n-and pi -electrons along a conjugated system. Hypercongation effects, on the other hand, involve sigma-pi -conjugation. Both inductive and hyperconjugation effects can be used to explain the stability of carbocations and free radicals which follow the stability order: 3^(@) gt 2^(@) gt 1^(@) . The stability of carbanions, however, follows opposite order. The stability of a molecule can be judged on the basis of contribution of its resonance structures. Resonance structures have same position of nuclei and have same number of unpaired electrons. Among resonance structures, the one which has greater number of covalent bonds, has less separation of opposite Charges, a negative charge on more electronegative and a positive charge on a more electropostive atom are more stable than others. Which of the following series contains only electrophiles ?

    Passage Organic compounds mainly consist of covalent bonds. The electron pair in these covalent bonds may undergo displacement either of their own or under the influence of other species. The cleavage of covalent bond between two atoms takes place in homolytic or heterolytic fashion. The homolytic fission results into free radicals while heterolytic fission results into carbocations and carbanions. These are also called reaction intermediates and are attacked by electrophiles and nucleophiles. The electrophiles seek electron rich sites while nucleophiles seek electron deficient sites. Answer the followings Questions : Which of the following series contain only nucleophiles:

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