Non- zero dipole moment is shown by

Options

A. `C Cl_4`
B. `CO_2`
C. `H_2O`
D.

Answer

To determine which of the given compounds exhibits a non-zero dipole moment, we will analyze each option step by step.

### Step 1: Analyze CCl4 (Carbon Tetrachloride)
- **Structure**: CCl4 has a tetrahedral geometry with one carbon atom at the center and four chlorine atoms at the corners.
- **Electronegativity**: Chlorine is more electronegative than carbon, causing each C-Cl bond to be polar with a dipole moment directed towards chlorine.
- **Symmetry**: Due to its symmetrical tetrahedral shape, the individual dipole moments cancel each other out.
- **Conclusion**: CCl4 has a net dipole moment of **zero**.

### Step 2: Analyze CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)
- **Structure**: CO2 has a linear structure with carbon in the center and oxygen atoms on either side (O=C=O).
- **Electronegativity**: Oxygen is more electronegative than carbon, making each C=O bond polar.
- **Symmetry**: The molecule is symmetrical, and the dipole moments from both C=O bonds cancel each other out.
- **Conclusion**: CO2 has a net dipole moment of **zero**.

### Step 3: Analyze H2O (Water)
- **Structure**: H2O has a bent shape due to the two lone pairs on the oxygen atom.
- **Electronegativity**: Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, resulting in polar O-H bonds.
- **Asymmetry**: The bent shape means that the dipole moments do not cancel out.
- **Conclusion**: H2O has a net dipole moment that is **non-zero**.

### Step 4: Analyze 1,4-Dichlorobenzene
- **Structure**: 1,4-dichlorobenzene has a symmetrical arrangement of chlorine atoms on a benzene ring.
- **Electronegativity**: Chlorine is more electronegative than carbon, creating polar C-Cl bonds.
- **Symmetry**: The symmetrical arrangement of the chlorine atoms leads to cancellation of the dipole moments.
- **Conclusion**: 1,4-dichlorobenzene has a net dipole moment of **zero**.

### Step 5: Analyze Cl2 (Chlorine Gas)
- **Structure**: Cl2 is a diatomic molecule consisting of two chlorine atoms.
- **Electronegativity**: Both atoms have the same electronegativity.
- **Symmetry**: There is no difference in electronegativity, resulting in no dipole moment.
- **Conclusion**: Cl2 has a net dipole moment of **zero**.

### Final Conclusion
Among the given options, only **H2O (water)** exhibits a non-zero dipole moment.