Name the members of the lanthanoid serie...

Name the members of the lanthanoid series which exhibit + 4 oxidation states and those which exhibit +2 oxidation states. Try to correlate this type of behaviour with the electronic configuration of these elements.

Text Solution

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`+ 4` oxidation state exists in `""_(58)Ce, ""_(59)Pr, ""_(60) Nd_(65) Tb` and `""_(66)Dy`.
+ 2 oxidation state exists in `""_(60)Nd, ""_(62)Sm, ""_(63)Eu, ""_(69)Tm` and `""_(70)Yb.`
Generally, + 2 oxidation state is exhibited by the elements with configuration `5d^(0)6s^(2)` so that two electrons may be easily lost. Similarly, + 4 oxidation state is shown by the element which after losing four electrons acquire configuration either close to `4f^(0)` or `4f^(7)`

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Oxygen exhibits -1 oxidation state in

`OF_(2)`

`H_(2)O`

`H_(2)O_(2)`

`HCLO`

Manganese exhibits maximum oxidation state in

`K_(2)MnO_(4)`

`KMnO_(4)`

`MnO_(2)`

`Mn_(3)O_(4)`

Gold exhibits the variable oxidation states of:

`+2, +3`

`+1, +3`

`+2, +4`

`+1, +2`