Fossil Fuels

Fossil fuels are like savings for the future. Just like how we save money for future needs, nature saves us energy in the form of coal, oil, and natural gas. All of which are formed with remains of ancient animals and plants, known as fossil fuels. Now, we are using these savings to power many forms of work in our daily lives. However, what if these savings run out? In these notes, we will be exploring the importance, formation, and eventually the methods for conserving this important form of energy. 

1.0Fossil Fuels Meaning

Fossil fuels are energy-dense products developed from the remains of prehistoric plants and animals which existed millions of years ago. When these creatures died, they were buried under mud, sand, and rocks. They were converted into fuels through heat and pressure over time, which we currently dig up and make use of. To define fossil fuels, we can simply put that 

"Fossil fuels are non-renewable energy sources like coal, oil, and natural gas created from prehistoric organic matter."

2.0Formation of Fossil Fuel

The formation of fossil fuels is natural, hence a slow process taking at least millions of years to give the outcome. Here’s what it takes to form these natural resources of energy: 

1. Fossil fuels, as mentioned earlier, are formed from the dead remains of plants and animals. These animals sink to the bottom of oceans or grounds, or swamps. 
2. Over time, layers of sand and dust build one over another, further burying the remains. 
3. Now, this build of layer and Earth’s own pressure from the crust compress these remains, with an increased temperature. 
4. The continuous sedimentation along with applied pressure and temperature converts the remains into fossil fuels in different forms, which are coal, oil, or natural gas.

The process of fossil fuel formation here gives the reasoning why it is a non-renewable source of energy, that is, it can be used only once and cannot be replaced. 

3.0Types of Fossil Fuels

Generally, fossil fuels can be found in three different states, and hence are divided into three main types. Which include: 

Types	State	Description	Morphology
Coal	Solid	Coal is mainly formed from ancient plants, decayed in swamps and wetlands. Coal is widely used for the production of electricity, steel production, and heating in some areas, such as in power stations to produce steam that operates turbines.
Oil or  Petroleum	Liquid	Oil and petroleum are formed from the remains of tiny marine organisms like plankton. This type of fossil fuel is widely used as petrol, diesel, and kerosene, when refined. Oil and petroleum are also used to make plastics, fertilisers, and chemicals.
Natural Gas	Gas	Natural gas is also formed from decayed marine organisms, often found above oil deposits. Natural gas is generally composed mainly of methane and is used for cooking, heating, and electricity generation.

4.0Fossil Fuel Energy

Energy from fossil fuels is released when they burn, a procedure also known as combustion. This is a chemical reaction that produces heat, which is used to generate electricity or do any other mechanical work. Here are some Fossil fuels examples and their application in real life:

• Power plants that burn coal use steam turbines to produce electricity.
• Oil is processed and utilised in engines.
• Natural gas is more commonly used in residences for cooking and heating. 

5.0Advantages of Fossil Fuels 

Fossil fuels are the most widely used source of energy due to the large number of advantages of fossil fuels they possess, which include: 

• High Energy Content: Fossil fuels produce a lot of energy from a small amount. 
• Reliable: Unlike some renewable sources of energy, like solar energy, energy from fossil fuels is available all the time. 
• Cost-Effective: Fossil fuels are easily available, making them a cost-effective source of energy. 
• Easy transport and storage: Fossil fuels, especially natural gas and oil, are easily transportable and storable energy sources. 

6.0Disadvantages of Fossil Fuels

Although fossil fuels have a lot of advantages, there are some significant disadvantages of fossil fuels, which include: 

• Burning fossil fuels in large amounts can lead to the quick depletion of fossil fuel resources. 
• Excessive use of fossil fuels can also produce major greenhouse gases like Carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides. eventually contributing to air pollution. 
• It is a non-renewable source of energy, meaning once used, it can not be used ever again. 
• The greenhouse gases produced by burning fossil fuels not only produce air pollution but also affect the environment negatively, like the melting of glaciers. 
• Excessive mining and drilling for fossil fuels also affect the landscapes and ecosystems. 

7.0Depletion of Fossil Fuel

At the current rate of use, the fossil fuel resources are continuously depleting. The depletion of fossil fuels simply refers to the gradual decrease in natural reserves of coal, oil, and natural gas due to overuse and high demand. Since fossil fuels take millions of years to form and are being used up much faster than they are created, it is creating a global shortage of these resources. This is why scientists and the government have been continuously promoting alternative sources of energy and other sustainable methods for the use of fossil fuels. 

8.0Conserving Fossil Fuels

As discussed above, the resources for fossil fuels are decreasing at a high pace, and conserving fossil fuels is becoming a necessity. Here are some methods for doing this: 

• Use public transport, carpool, walk or bike.
• Switch off lights and appliances when not in use.
• Use energy-efficient LED bulbs and appliances.
• Recycle and reuse materials.
• Use and support renewable energy, such as solar or wind, where possible.
• Conservation reduces pollution and conserves resources for future generations.