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C and Si are always tetravalent , but Ge...

`C` and `Si` are always tetravalent , but Ge, Sn and Pb show divalency Give reason .

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Among the elements of group 14, carbon does not have d- or f-electrons . Therefore , it does not show inert pair effect. Consequently, it shows an oxidation state of`+4`due to the presence of two electrons in the s- and two electrons in the p-orbital of the valence shell. In contrast , all other elements from Ge to Pb contain either dor both d- and f-electron increases, the inert pair effect becomes more and more prominent. In other words, as we move dow the group from Ge to Pb, the stability of +2 oxidation state increases while that of `+4` oxidation state decreases. Therefore , the tendency of Ge, Sn and Pb to exhibit +2 oxidation state increases with increasing atomic number in group 14.
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Knowledge Check

  • The stability of ions of Ge Sn and Pb will be in the order .

    A
    `Ge^(2+) lt Sn^(2+) lt Pb^(2+)`
    B
    `Pb^(2+) gt Pb^(4+)`
    C
    `Sn^(4+) gt Pb^(2+)`
    D
    `Ge^(4+) lt Sn^(4+) lt Pb^(4+)`

  • Catention properties of C, Si, Ge, Sn , Pb are in order

    A
    `C gt gt Si gt Ge ~~ Sn gt gt Pb`
    B
    `C lt Si lt Ge lt Sn lt Pb`
    C
    `C gt Si gt Sn gt Ge gt Pb`
    D
    none is correct

  • Assertion (A) : C,Si and Ge have 4 Valancy each both but C is an insulator where as Si and Ge are semi conductors Reason ( R) : Energy gap is least for Ge , less for Si compared to C , So that free electrons for conduction in Ge and Si are significant but negligible small for C .

    A
    `A,R` are true and `R` explains `A` correctly
    B
    `A,R` are true and `R` do not explain `A` correctly
    C
    `A` is true, but `R` is false
    D
    `R` is true, but `A` is false
    • PRADEEP-SOME p-BLOCK ELEMENTS-CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS (GROUP 14 ELEMENTS)
    1. C and Si are always tetravalent , but Ge, Sn and Pb show divalency Giv...

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    2. Tendency to exhibit +2 oxidation state increases with increasing atom...

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    3. Why is+2oxidiation state of lead more stable than +4 oxidation state?

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    4. Why carbon froms covalent compounds whereas lead forms ionic compounds...

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    5. Give one chemical reaction to show that : (i) Sn(II) is a reducing a...

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    6. PbO2 acts as a stronger oxidising agent than SnO2. Cmment .

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    7. PbO(2) can act as an oxidising agent.

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    8. Carbon monoxide is readily absorbed by ammoniacal cuprous chloride so...

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    9. CO is stable , but analogous SiO is not stable . Why ?

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    10. Why N(CH(3))(3) is pyramidal but N(SiH(3))(3) is planar ?

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    11. (SiH(3)) is a weaker base than (CH(3))(3)N. Explain.

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    12. Why N(CH(3))(3) is more basic than N(SiMe(3))(3) ?

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    13. Account for the following : (i) PbX(2) is more stable than PbX(4) (X ...

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    14. Why C Cl4 is resistant to hydrolysis , but SiCl4 is readily hudrolgyse...

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    15. The tendency towards catenation among group 14 elements down the group

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    16. why carbon show catenation but silicon does not ?

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    17. Give reason : Down the group tendency for catenation decreases among g...

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    18. Silanes are few in number whereas alkanes are large in number . Explai...

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    19. Why does not sillicon form an analogue of graphite?

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    20. Why does elemental silicon not form graphite like structure as carb...

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