What do you mean by organ donation?

Organ donation is a generous act of donating an organ to a person who suffers from dysfunction of organ(s). Donation of an organ may be done by the consent of the donor and his/her family. Anyone regardless of age or gender can become an organ and tissue donor. Organ transplants can save or transform the life of a person. Transplantation is required because the recipient’s organ has been damaged or has failed by disease or injury. In organ transplantation, the organ is surgically removed from one person (organ donor) and transplanted to another person (the recipient). Common transplantations include corneas, kidneys, heart, liver, pancreas, lungs, intestines and bone marrow. Most organ and tissue donations occur just after the donor has died or when the doctor declares a person brain dead. But some organs such as kidney, part of a liver, lung and tissues can be donated while the donor is alive.

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Artificial Kidney or Hemodialysis

Frequently Asked Questions

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Artificial Kidney or Hemodialysis

The blood of a person having both kidney failure can be cleaned regularly by using a kidney machine (or dialysis machine). The procedure used for cleaning the blood of a person, by separating the nitrogenous waste substance (urea) from it is called dialysis.

• Artificial kidney called hemodialyzer, is a machine that is used to filter the blood of a person whose kidneys are damaged. The process is called haemodialysis.

• The blood from an artery in the patient’s arm is made to flow into the dialyzer or dialysis machine made of long tubes of semipermeable membrane (like cellophane which are coiled in a tank containing dialyzing solution). The dialyzing solution contains water, glucose and salts in similar concentrations to those in normal blood. It does not have urea. As the patient’s blood passes through the dialyzing solution, most of the wastes like urea present in it pass through the semipermeable cellophane tubes into the dialyzing solution by diffusion. The clean blood is pumped back into a vein of the patient’s arm.

1.0Drawbacks of artificial kidney

(i) It involves a great deal of discomfort and a risk of formation of blood clots.

(ii) It may cause fever, cardiovascular problems and hemorrhage.

2.0Excretion in plants

In plants, no definite excretory system or organ is present for removal of waste. The excretory products which are easily diffusible are removed by the process of diffusion or osmosis. In higher plants, waste materials are deposited in various body parts, which are later eliminated.

The gaseous waste of respiration and photosynthesis in plants are removed through the stomata in leaves and lenticels in woody stem into the atmosphere.

The main waste products produced by plants are carbon dioxide, water vapour and oxygen. Carbon dioxide is produced as waste during respiration by plants.

Carbon dioxide produced during respiration in daytime is all used by the plant itself in photosynthesis. Plants excrete oxygen as a waste only during daytime. Oxygen is produced as a waste during photosynthesis.

Plants get rid of excess water by transpiration. Many plant waste products are stored in cellular vacuoles. Plants also store some of the waste products in their body parts (leaves, bark and fruits). e.g., Tannins, essential oils, latex, gums, resins.

The plant gets rid of stored solid and liquid wastes by the shedding of leaves, peeling of bark and falling of fruits.

Aquatic plants lose most of their metabolic wastes by direct diffusion into water surrounding them.

3.0Special points

• Kidney stones (Nephrolithiasis) are formed due to crystallization or deposition of uric acid or oxalate of minerals and waste materials found in urine. They grow & become a painful irritant that may require surgery or ultrasound treatments.

• A condition in which the body's internal environment remains relatively constant within limits is called homeostasis.

4.0
Also Read

Reproduction	Reproductive Health	Post Fertilization Changes in the Flower
Human Male Reproductive System	Reproduction in Plants	Endocrine Glands
Human Female Reproductive System	Pollination and Fertilization in Plants	Movement in Plants

Join ALLEN!

(Session 2026 - 27)

Name

Mobile Number

Class

Choose class

Goal

Choose your goal

Preferred Programs

Preferred Mode

State

Choose State

I agree to

I authorise ALLEN Career Institute Pvt Ltd to send me regular updates via Phone calls, Whatsapp, SMS, Robocalls (Automated Calls), Emails, or on postal address.

Artificial Kidney or Hemodialysis

The blood of a person having both kidney failure can be cleaned regularly by using a kidney machine (or dialysis machine). The procedure used for cleaning the blood of a person, by separating the nitrogenous waste substance (urea) from it is called dialysis.

• Artificial kidney called hemodialyzer, is a machine that is used to filter the blood of a person whose kidneys are damaged. The process is called haemodialysis.

• The blood from an artery in the patient’s arm is made to flow into the dialyzer or dialysis machine made of long tubes of semipermeable membrane (like cellophane which are coiled in a tank containing dialyzing solution). The dialyzing solution contains water, glucose and salts in similar concentrations to those in normal blood. It does not have urea. As the patient’s blood passes through the dialyzing solution, most of the wastes like urea present in it pass through the semipermeable cellophane tubes into the dialyzing solution by diffusion. The clean blood is pumped back into a vein of the patient’s arm.

1.0Drawbacks of artificial kidney

(i) It involves a great deal of discomfort and a risk of formation of blood clots.

(ii) It may cause fever, cardiovascular problems and hemorrhage.

2.0Excretion in plants

In plants, no definite excretory system or organ is present for removal of waste. The excretory products which are easily diffusible are removed by the process of diffusion or osmosis. In higher plants, waste materials are deposited in various body parts, which are later eliminated.

The gaseous waste of respiration and photosynthesis in plants are removed through the stomata in leaves and lenticels in woody stem into the atmosphere.

The main waste products produced by plants are carbon dioxide, water vapour and oxygen. Carbon dioxide is produced as waste during respiration by plants.

Carbon dioxide produced during respiration in daytime is all used by the plant itself in photosynthesis. Plants excrete oxygen as a waste only during daytime. Oxygen is produced as a waste during photosynthesis.

Plants get rid of excess water by transpiration. Many plant waste products are stored in cellular vacuoles. Plants also store some of the waste products in their body parts (leaves, bark and fruits). e.g., Tannins, essential oils, latex, gums, resins.

The plant gets rid of stored solid and liquid wastes by the shedding of leaves, peeling of bark and falling of fruits.

Aquatic plants lose most of their metabolic wastes by direct diffusion into water surrounding them.

3.0Special points

• Kidney stones (Nephrolithiasis) are formed due to crystallization or deposition of uric acid or oxalate of minerals and waste materials found in urine. They grow & become a painful irritant that may require surgery or ultrasound treatments.

• A condition in which the body's internal environment remains relatively constant within limits is called homeostasis.

4.0
Also Read

Reproduction	Reproductive Health	Post Fertilization Changes in the Flower
Human Male Reproductive System	Reproduction in Plants	Endocrine Glands
Human Female Reproductive System	Pollination and Fertilization in Plants	Movement in Plants

Frequently Asked Questions