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CBSE Notes
Class 7
Science
Chapter 1 Nutrition In Plants

CBSE Notes Class 7 Science Chapter 1 Nutrition in Plants

All living organisms require food to grow, repair damaged parts of their bodies and get the energy to carry out life processes. Plants can make food themselves, but animals, including humans, cannot. Animals get ready-made food from plants or from animals that eat plants. Thus, humans and animals directly or indirectly depend on plants for food. This Chapter 1 Nutrition in Plants Strengthens your understanding of CBSE Class 7 Science topics with well-organised content designed for effective learning.

1.0Download CBSE Class 7 Science Chapter 1 Nutrition in Plants Notes : Free PDF

Download CBSE Class 7 Science Chapter 1 – Nutrition in Plants Notes in a free and easy-to-access PDF format. These notes provide a clear summary of key concepts such as modes of nutrition, photosynthesis, and the process of nutrient absorption in plants. Perfect for quick revisions and exam preparation, the notes follow the latest CBSE guidelines.

Class 7 Science Chapter 1 Revision Notes:

2.0Nutrition 

Nutrition is the process of taking and utilizing food. There are two modes of nutrition :  

  • Autotrophic nutrition 
  • Heterotrophic nutrition

Autotrophic Nutrition

Autotrophic nutrition : (auto-self; trophies - nourishment) 

  • The mode of nutrition in which organisms make their food from simple inorganic substances is called autotrophic nutrition. 
  • Therefore, green plants are called autotrophs. 
  • Autotrophs prepare their food through the process of photosynthesis. 
  • They are also known as producers, as they are the only source of producing food. 
  • All the animals directly or indirectly depend upon plants for food.

Heterotrophic Nutrition

Heterotrophic Nutrition : (heteros-other; trophos-nourishment)

  • The mode of nutrition in which organisms can not make their food is known as heterotrophic nutrition. 
  • Organisms which obtain food from other organisms are called heterotrophs. 
  • They obtain food from plants or animals, e.g., Animals, fungi and some bacteria.

Also Read: Nutrition and Life Processes

3.0Photosynthesis

  • Photosynthesis (photo-light; synthesis-to combine) is the process of synthesizing organic food (glucose) from inorganic carbon dioxide and water using solar energy captured by chlorophyll pigments. 
  • During this process, oxygen is released. 
  • The glucose thus formed is ultimately converted into starch, which is also a carbohydrate. 
  • Photosynthesis takes place in the green parts (mostly in leaves ) of the plant because of the presence of chlorophyll pigments inside their cells. 
  • Therefore, leaves are plants' food factories.

Photosynthesis

Requirements in Photosynthesis

Green plants require four things (sunlight, chlorophyll, carbon dioxide and water ) to prepare food.

  • Sunlight: Sun is the natural source of sunlight, which provides solar energy to the plant. Solar energy is converted into chemical energy by plants through photosynthesis. Thus, the sun is the ultimate source of energy.
  • Chlorophyll: Chlorophyll pigment is present in all the green parts of the plant in cell organelles and is called chloroplast. It traps solar energy from sunlight. Photosynthesis can not take place without chlorophyll.
  • Carbon dioxide: Carbon dioxide is obtained from the atmosphere through stomata on plants' leaf surfaces. 
  • Water: Water and minerals in the soil are absorbed by the roots and transported to the leaves by the vessels that run like pipes throughout the root, the stem, the branches, and the leaves. 

Role of the Leaf in Photosynthesis

Stomata 

  • The tiny pores on the surface of the leaves surrounded by two kidney-shaped guard cells are called stomata. 
  • Guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata. 
  • These kidney-shaped cells cover a single stoma and also contain chloroplasts. 

Functions of stomata 

  • Exchange of gasses takes place (carbon dioxide from air is taken in and oxygen is released) through stomata. 
  • Transpiration takes place through stomata. 

Parts of a stomata

Synthesis of food other than carbohydrates

  • Soil has certain bacteria that convert gaseous nitrogen into a usable form and release it into the soil. The plants, along with water, absorb these soluble forms. 
  • Farmers are adding fertilizers rich in nitrogen to the soil. In this way, the plants and other constituents fulfil their nitrogen requirements.

Also Read: Factors Affecting Photosynthesis

4.0Other Modes of Nutrition in Plants

Some plants lack chlorophyll, so they cannot synthesize their own food. Like humans and animals, these plants depend on the food produced by other plants. They follow a heterotrophic mode of nutrition. 

  1. Saprotrophic Nutrition
  • The mode of nutrition in which organisms take in nutrients in solution form from dead & decaying matter is called saprotrophic nutrition. Plants which use such a mode of nutrition are called saprotrophs. 
  • These plants are usually whitish. They have no green leaves; often, they even have no leaves at all.

Examples of fungi are:

  • Mushrooms are fluffy umbrella-like patches growing on rotting wood during the rainy season. 
  • Bread molds are cotton-like threads spread on the bread.

Example for a saprophytic nutrition - mushrooms

  1. Parasitic
  • Certain plants lack chlorophyll pigments (without which photosynthesis cannot take place) and are thus parasites on other plants. 
  • These plants obtain the food prepared by other organisms. Examples are Cuscuta (Dodder), Rafflesia, etc.

Image showing rafflesia exhibiting parasitic relationship

  1. Symbiotic Relationship
  • Mutually beneficial association in which two organisms live together and share shelter and nutrients. 
  • This is called a symbiotic relationship—for example, Mycorrhiza and lichen.

Image showing Lichen exhibiting symbiotic relationship

  1. Insectivorous or carnivorous plants
  • Insectivorous plants are autotrophic but obtain nitrogen from insects. 
  • They generally grow in soil that is deficient in nitrogen, such as Nepenthes or Pitcher plants. Venus flytrap, Sundew etc.

Image showing carnivorous plants - Pitcher plant

Image showing Venus Fly Trap

5.0Key Features of Class 7 Science Chapter 1 : Nutrition in Plants

  • Introduction to Nutrition: Clear explanation of how plants obtain and utilize nutrients, focusing on the different modes of nutrition.
  • Autotrophic Nutrition: Detailed discussion on how plants make their own food through photosynthesis using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.
  • Photosynthesis Process: In-depth explanation of the process of photosynthesis, including the role of chlorophyll, sunlight, and stomata in the formation of food.
  • Parts of Plants Involved in Photosynthesis: Understanding the roles of leaves, roots, and other parts of the plant in the nutrition process.
  • Aligned with CBSE Syllabus: Content follows the latest CBSE guidelines, ensuring relevance to exams and school learning.
  • Real-World Applications: Real-life examples of how plants contribute to the environment and human life through nutrition.

Chapter-wise CBSE Notes for Class 7 Science:

Class 7 Science Chapter 1 - Nutrition In Plants Notes

Class 7 Science Chapter 2 - Nutrition In Animals Notes

Class 7 Science Chapter 3 - Heat Notes

Class 7 Science Chapter 4 - Acids Bases And Salts Notes

Class 7 Science Chapter 5 - Physical And Chemical Changes Notes

Class 7 Science Chapter 6 - Respiration In Organisms Notes

Class 7 Science Chapter 7 - Transportation In Animals And Plants Notes

Class 7 Science Chapter 8 - Reproduction In Plants Notes

Class 7 Science Chapter 9 - Motion And Time Notes

Class 7 Science Chapter 10 - Electric Current And Its Effects Notes

Class 7 Science Chapter 11 - Light Notes

Class 7 Science Chapter 12 - Forests Our Lifeline Notes

Class 7 Science Chapter 13 - Wastewater Story Notes


Chapter-wise NCERT Solutions Class 7 Science:-

Chapter 1 - Nutrition in Plants

Chapter 2 - Nutrition in Animals

Chapter 3 - Heat

Chapter 4 - Acids, Bases and Salts

Chapter 5 - Physical and Chemical Changes

Chapter 6 - Respiration in Organisms

Chapter 7 - Transportation in Animals and Plants

Chapter 8 - Reproduction in Plants

Chapter 9 - Motion and Time

Chapter 10 - Electric Current and its Effects

Chapter 11 - Light

Chapter 12 - Forests: Our Lifeline

Chapter 13 - Wastewater Story

Frequently Asked Questions

Autotrophic plants: Most plants are autotrophs, meaning they produce their food through photosynthesis using light, carbon dioxide, and water. Heterotrophic plants: Some plants, like carnivorous plants (e.g., Venus flytrap) or parasitic plants (e.g., dodder), obtain their nutrients from other organisms.

Nitrogen fixation is the process by which certain bacteria (such as Rhizobium in the root nodules of legumes) convert atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into a form that plants can use, such as ammonia (NH₃).

Micronutrients are nutrients required in small amounts but are critical for various plant functions, such as enzyme activation, chlorophyll production, and disease resistance. Examples include iron, zinc, and copper.

Environmental factors like soil pH, temperature, light, and water availability can significantly impact a plant’s ability to absorb nutrients. For example, certain nutrients are less available in soils with extreme pH levels.

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