CBSE Notes Class 10 Science Chapter 11 - Electricity

Electricity is a fundamental form of energy vital to modern life. It involves the movement of electric charges, typically electrons, through conductors such as copper wires. This flow of electric charge constitutes an electric current, which powers countless devices and systems.

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2.0Electric Current and Circuit

It is the flow of  charge through a conductor. The electric current I is referred to as the charge Q passing through a point in a circuit per unit time.

I = Qt. Ampere is the SI  Unit of current(A).Current is a scalar quantity.

Electricity is categorised into:

Static Electricity: Concerns stationary charges.

Current Electricity: Involves moving charges.

Electric charge is a property of matter responsible for electric and magnetic effects. Coulomb is the practical  SI Unit of Electric Charge, and it is also a scalar quantity.

Properties of Electric Charge

• Like charges repel; unlike charges attract.
• Charge is conserved and additive.
• Charge is quantised, meaning it exists in discrete amounts.

3.0Circuits

A circuit is a closed loop that permits the flow of electric current. It typically includes components such as resistors, capacitors, and power sources.

4.0Electric Potential and Potential Difference

Electric Potential (V): The work done per unit positive charge to move it from infinity to a point in an electric field:  V=WQ0

Electric potential is measured in volts (V), where 1 Volt = 1 Joule/Coulomb (J/C). It is a scalar quantity and can be positive or negative.

                                                V = WQ0

Potential Difference-The work done to move a unit charge from one point to another in a circuit: V = WQ0

One volt is the potential difference that results when one joule of work is done to move one coulomb of charge between two points.

5.0Ohm’s Law

Ohm’s Law states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it, provided the temperature remains constant: 

V $\propto$ I

or V = RI

or V/I = R

Where, R = Resistance of the conductor which is a constant

SI Unit of Resistance: Ohm (Ω). 1 Ohm is the resistance when 1 Volt is applied, and 1 Ampere of current flows through the conductor.  

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• Formula and Derivation Recall: CBSE Notes often include important formulas and step-by-step derivations, aiding in quick memorisation and application.
• Diagrammatic Representation: Some notes include key diagrams related to electric circuits and their components, which are vital for understanding and scoring well.
• Practice Question Hints: Good notes might even provide hints or approaches to solving common types of numerical problems from the chapter.
• Reduced Stress: Having well-structured notes can reduce exam-related anxiety by making the CBSE Class 10 syllabus feel more manageable.
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