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CBSE Notes
Class 10
Science
Chapter 12 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

CBSE Notes Class 10 Science Chapter 12 - Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

The magnetic effect of current is a key principle in electromagnetism that explains how an electric current creates a magnetic field. First identified by Hans Christian Oersted in 1820, this phenomenon is crucial for grasping the connection between electricity and magnetism. When electric current passes through a conductor, it produces a surrounding magnetic field.

1.0Download CBSE Notes for Class 10 Science Chapter 12: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current - Free PDF!!

Hey there! Looking to ace the Magnetic Effects of Electric Current chapter? These free CBSE Class 10 Science notes are just what you need to understand all the key concepts and formulas.

Class 10 Science Chapter 12 Revision Notes:

2.0Oersted’s Experiment

Set up of oersted's experiment

  • They found that a compass needle is deflected when an electric current travels through a metallic wire placed nearby.
  • Observations show that electricity and magnetism were related phenomena.
  • It is established that there are two sources of magnetism namely, electric current and permanent magnet.

3.0Magnetic Field and Magnetic Field Lines

Image showing magnetic field lines around a magnet

  • Magnetic Field: The magnetic field is the area around a magnet where its influence affects other magnetic materials. It is measured in Teslas (T).
  • Magnetic Field Lines: These lines extend from the north pole of a magnet, curve around, and return to the south pole  forming closed loops. They are densest near the poles and never intersect. The direction of the magnetic field at any point is indicated by the tangent to the field lines at that point.

4.0Magnetic Field around a Current Carrying Straight Conductor

Set up to show a Magnetic Field around a Current Carrying Straight Conductor

When an electric current transfers through a straight conductor, it generates a magnetic field around it, which is invisible but can be detected with a magnetic compass. Increasing the current causes greater deflection of the compass needle. The magnetic field lines form concentric circles centred on the wire and lie in a plane perpendicular to its length. The field strength is stronger near the conductor and weakens with distance from it.

Right Hand Thumb Rule

Fleming's Right hand Thumb Rule

The Right-Hand Thumb Rule identifies the direction of the magnetic field around a current-carrying conductor. To use it:

  • Hold the wire with your right hand.
  • Point your thumb in the direction of the current.
  • Your curled fingers show the direction of the magnetic field lines, which form concentric circles around the wire.

5.0Magnetic Field Around a Circular Conductor with Electric Current

Image showing a Magnetic Field Around a Circular Conductor with Electric Current

  • The magnetic field formed by a current-carrying wire at a specific point is directly proportional to the amount of current flowing through it.
  • If a circular coil has n  turns, the magnetic field it produces is n times greater than the field generated by a single turn

6.0Magnetic Field established by Current Flowing Through a Solenoid

Image showing the Magnetic Field established by Current Flowing Through a Solenoid

A solenoid is a coil consisting of numerous circular loops of insulated copper wire wound closely in a cylindrical shape. One end acts as the magnetic north pole and the other as the south pole. Inside the solenoid, the magnetic field lines are parallel and straight, indicating a uniform magnetic field throughout its interior.

7.0Force on a Current Conveying Conductor in a Magnetic Field

Set up to understand the Force on a Current Conveying Conductor in a Magnetic Field

  •  A current conveying conductor placed in a magnetic field experiences a force that is right angled to both the direction of the current and the magnetic field.
  • The direction of the force changes when the current direction in the conductor is reversed.

Fleming Left Hand Rule

It dictates the force direction on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field.

  • Hold your left hand with the first finger, second finger, and thumb perpendicular to each other. 
  • Align the first finger with the magnetic field direction, point the second finger in the current direction, and your thumb will show the direction of the force on the conductor.

Image showing Fleming's Left Hand Rule

8.0Domestic Electric Circuits

Image of the domestic electric circuits

  • Electric power to a house is supplied via overhead wires or underground cables with three insulated wire
  • Live Wire (Brown or Red): Delivers current to the house.
  • Neutral Wire (Light Blue or Black): Returns current and is at zero potential.
  • Earth Wire (Green or Yellow): Grounds the system for safety.
  • The voltage between the live and neutral wires is 220V. At the substation, the neutral and earth wires are connected to ensure they are at the same potential.
  • Before entering the house, the supplier installs a fuse in the live wire, rated according to the house's load. The power then passes through an energy meter, which records usage in kilowatt-hours (kWh), with its earth wire grounded locally.
  • The meter’s power lines connect to a distribution board that routes electricity through fuses to different parts of the house. Typically, one circuit has a higher current rating for heavy appliances like geysers and air coolers, while another has a lower rating for lights and fans.
  • Appliances are connected in parallel across the live and neutral wires, each with its own switch. This ensures each appliance gets a consistent 220V and can operate independently.
  • An electric fuse protects the circuit by breaking it if the current exceeds safe levels, melting due to Joule heating to prevent damage.
  • Short Circuit-A short circuit occurs when electric current flows through an unintended low-resistance path, typically due to a direct connection between the live and neutral wires.
  • Overloading-Overloading happens when too many appliances are connected to a single circuit or when appliances exceed the circuit's current capacity.

9.0Benefits of CBSE Notes for Class 10 Science Chapter 12 - Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

  • Formulae and Derivations at a Glance: Important formulas related to magnetic force and induced current are usually compiled in the notes, making them easy to recall and apply.
  • Practice Questions and Solutions: Some comprehensive notes may even include sample questions and their solutions, allowing you to test your understanding and prepare for different question formats.
  • Improved Retention: By presenting information in a structured and organised way, CBSE Notes can help in better understanding and long-term retention of the concepts.
  • Time-Saving: Using notes saves valuable study time as you don't need to underline or extract key information from the textbook yourself.
  • Exam-Oriented Approach: The notes are typically designed keeping the CBSE Class 10 syllabus and exam pattern in mind, ensuring you focus on what's important for scoring well.

Chapter-wise CBSE Notes for Class 10 Science:

Class 10 Science Chapter 1 - Chemical Reactions and Equation Notes

Class 10 Science Chapter 2 - Acid Bases and Salts Notes

Class 10 Science Chapter 3 - Metals and Non-Metals Notes

Class 10 Science Chapter 4 - Carbon and Its Compounds Notes

Class 10 Science Chapter 5 - Life Processes Notes

Class 10 Science Chapter 6 - Control and Coordination Notes

Class 10 Science Chapter 7 - How Do Organisms Reproduce? Notes

Class 10 Science Chapter 8 - Heredity Notes

Class 10 Science Chapter 9 - Light Reflection and Refraction Notes

Class 10 Science Chapter 10 - Human Eye and Colorful World Notes

Class 10 Science Chapter 11 - Electricity Notes

Class 10 Science Chapter 12 - Magnetic Effects of Electric Current Notes

Class 10 Science Chapter 13 - Our Environment Notes



Chapter-wise NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science:

Chapter 1: Chemical Reaction and Equations

Chapter 2: Acid Bases and Salts

Chapter 3: Metals and Non Metals

Chapter 4: Carbon and its Compounds

Chapter 5: Life Process

Chapter 6: Control and Coordination

Chapter 7: How Do Organisms Reproduce

Chapter 8: Heredity

Chapter 9: Light Reflection and Refraction

Chapter 10: Human Eye and Colourful World

Chapter 11: Electricity

Chapter 12: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

Chapter 13: Our Environment

Frequently Asked Questions

By using a magnetic compass which shows deflection.

By inserting the steel bar inside the solenoid and switching on electric current.

If this is the case, then at the intersection point, there would be two conflicting directions of the magnetic field, which is not feasible.

The compass needle experiences a force from the magnetic field of a bar magnet, causing it to deflect.

An electric fuse is a safety device which is made up of wire made of copper and aluminium.An electric fuse must be connected in the path of circuit so that overloading which can cause fire due to short circuit can be avoided.

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