It is a technique used in communication systems where analog information is converted into pulses for transmission. These pulses can vary in amplitude, width, or position to represent the original signal.

PCM converts an analog signal into a binary format, making it more robust against noise and suitable for digital transmission and storage. It is widely used in audio and telecommunication systems.

It is the process of mapping a range of analog values to discrete levels. It introduces an approximation error known as quantization noise, especially in PCM.

Sampling converts a continuous-time signal into a discrete-time signal, making it suitable for digital processing and pulse modulation. It allows us to capture essential information from the analog signal.

The Nyquist rate is the minimum sampling rate (twice the highest frequency of the signal) needed to avoid aliasing during sampling. It is essential for accurate reconstruction in pulse modulation systems like PCM.