Electrical synapse

A synapse is a tiny junction at the end of a neuron that facilitates the transmission of signals to adjacent neurons. Neurons, which are specialized cells responsible for conveying information throughout the nervous system, communicate through these synapses. Located at the points where neurons link with one another, synapses are crucial for the brain's overall functionality.

1.0Introduction to Synapse

• Synapses link neurons and enable the transmission of information from one neuron to another. When a nerve signal reaches the end of the Neuron, it cannot simply continue to the next cell. 
• Most of the time, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters, which can then carry the impulse across the synapse to the next Neuron.
• Once a nerve impulse has triggered the release of neurotransmitters, these neurotransmitters (chemical messengers) cross the tiny synaptic gap and are taken up by receptors on the surface of the next Neuron.
• These receptors act like locks, while the neurotransmitters function like keys. Neurotransmitters may excite or inhibit the Neurons.

2.0Parts of the Synapse

Synapses consist of three primary components:

1. The presynaptic ending, which houses neurotransmitters.

2. The synaptic cleft, the gap between the two nerve cells.

3. The postsynaptic ending, which contains receptor sites.

3.0Types of synapse

There are two main types of synapses:

1. Electrical Synapses

Structure of an Electrical synapse

• In electrical synapses, two neurons are linked by specialized structures called gap junctions. 
• These gap junctions enable electrical signals to pass swiftly from the presynaptic cell to the postsynaptic cell, accelerating signal transmission. 
• The unique protein channels connecting the neurons allow positive electrical currents to flow directly from the presynaptic neuron into the postsynaptic cell.
• Think of the nerve signal as the electrical current and the neurons as wires. Synapses would be junctions that connect two wires(Neurons).

2. Chemical Synapses

• In a chemical synapse, electrical activity in the presynaptic neuron triggers the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. 
• Most synapses are chemical. These neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic gap and attach to specific receptors on the postsynaptic cell. 
• Depending on their effect, neurotransmitters either excite the postsynaptic neuron, leading to the firing of an action potential, or inhibit it, preventing the continuation of the signal.

4.0Comparison Between Chemical and Electrical Synapses