CBSE Syllabus for Class 7 Science (2025–26)

Science in Class 7 opens up a fascinating world where you start understanding how things actually work around you. The beauty of Class 7 Science is that it's not just about memorising facts – it's about developing curiosity and scientific thinking that will serve you well beyond school. With the NCERT Solutions syllabus for Class 7 Science PDF as your guide, along with hands-on experiments, visual learning tools, and the right study approach, science can become one of your most enjoyable subjects.

1.0Overview of the Class 7 Science CBSE Syllabus: 

The CBSE Class 7 Science Syllabus consists of 13 units, exploring four main branches of science, namely: 

• Physics
• Chemistry
• Biology
• Environmental Science

Each unit introduces the facts and reasons for various fundamental phenomena of these four branches. The students are evaluated based on the term-end examination, conducted twice an academic session, each with a weightage of 80 marks towards the final result. The remaining 20 marks are given on the basis of students’ performance in the class throughout the year in various activities, termed as internal assessment. 

To stay up-to-date regarding the syllabus of Class VII, keep in touch with the official website of the Central Board of Secondary Education. 

2.0Chapter-Wise Syllabus of Class 7 Science

3.0Detailed CBSE Class 7 Science Syllabus

The CBSE Class 7 Science syllabus is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of fundamental scientific concepts across Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, often linking them to real-life applications.

Here's a detailed breakdown of the chapters and key concepts you can expect:

I. Biology

• Chapter 1: Nutrition in Plants
• • Modes of nutrition in plants (autotrophic, heterotrophic, saprotrophic, parasitic, symbiotic).
  • Photosynthesis: The process of food making in plants, including raw materials (carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, chlorophyll) and products (glucose, oxygen).
  • Other modes of nutrition: Insectivorous plants (e.g., pitcher plant), saprotrophs (e.g., fungi), symbiotic relationships (e.g., lichens, rhizobium).
  • Replenishment of nutrients in the soil.
• Chapter 2: Nutrition in Animals
• • Different ways of taking food from animals.
  • Digestion in humans: Oral cavity, food pipe (oesophagus), stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus. Role of digestive juices (salivary amylase, gastric juices, bile, pancreatic juice, intestinal juice).
  • Digestion in grass-eating animals (ruminants): Rumen, cud chewing.
  • Feeding and digestion in Amoeba.
• Chapter 6: Respiration in Organisms
• • Why do we respire? (Energy release).
  • Breathing: Inhalation and exhalation.
  • Human respiratory system: Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, diaphragm.
  • Breathing in other animals (e.g., earthworm, fish, insects).
  • Respiration in plants.
• Chapter 7: Transportation in Animals and Plants
• • Animals:
  • • Circulatory system: Blood (plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets), blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), heart (chambers, pumping action).
    • Excretion in animals: Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra.
  • Plants:
  • • Transport of water and minerals (xylem).
    • Transport of food (phloem).
    • Transpiration.
• Chapter 8: Reproduction in Plants
• • Modes of reproduction:
  • • Asexual reproduction: Vegetative propagation (stem, root, leaf), budding, fragmentation, spore formation.
    • Sexual reproduction: Flowers (stamens, pistil), pollination (self and cross), fertilization, seed formation, fruit formation.
  • Seed dispersal.
• Chapter 12: Forests: Our Lifeline
• • Importance of forests (oxygen production, carbon dioxide absorption, habitat for wildlife, wood, medicines, climate regulation, soil conservation).
  • Forest ecosystem: Producers, consumers, decomposers.
  • Deforestation and conservation of forests.
• Chapter 13: Wastewater Story
• • Wastewater: Sources and composition.
  • Sewage and sewerage system.
  • Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP): Steps involved (screening, grit and sand removal, sedimentation, aeration, disinfection).
  • Better housekeeping practices to reduce wastewater.
  • Sanitation and disease.
  • Alternative arrangements for sewage disposal.

II. Chemistry

• Chapter 4: Acids, Bases, and Salts
• • Acids and bases: Properties, examples (lemon juice, vinegar, soap, baking soda).
  • Natural indicators around us (litmus, turmeric, China rose).
  • Neutralisation reaction: Acid + Base → Salt + Water.
  • Neutralisation in everyday life (e.g., indigestion, ant bite, soil treatment).
• Chapter 5: Physical and Chemical Changes
• • Physical changes: Reversible changes, no new substance formed (e.g., melting of ice, dissolving sugar, tearing paper).
  • Chemical changes: Irreversible changes, new substance(s) formed (e.g., burning of wood, rusting of iron, cooking food).
  • Rusting of iron: Conditions required (oxygen, water).
  • Crystallisation (e.g., copper sulphate crystals).

III. Physics

• Chapter 3: Heat
• • Hot and cold: Concept of temperature.
  • Measuring temperature: Clinical thermometer, laboratory thermometer.
  • Transfer of heat: Conduction, convection, radiation.
  • Conductors and insulators of heat.
  • Kinds of clothes we wear in summer and winter (relation to heat transfer).
• Chapter 9: Motion and Time
• • Slow or fast motion.
  • Speed: Definition and calculation (Distance/Time).
  • Measurement of time (simple pendulum).
  • Units of speed and time (SI units).
  • Distance-time graphs for uniform motion.
• Chapter 10: Electric Current and its Effects
• • Symbols of electric components (cell, battery, switch, bulb, wire).
  • Electric circuit diagrams.
  • Heating effect of electric current (e.g., electric heater, electric bulb).
  • Magnetic effect of electric current (e.g., electromagnet).
  • Electric bell.
• Chapter 11: Light
• • Light travels along a straight line (rectilinear propagation).
  • Reflection of light: Plane mirror, spherical mirrors (concave and convex).
  • Images formed by plane and spherical mirrors (real/virtual, erect/inverted, magnified/diminished).
  • Lenses (concave and convex): Basic understanding of image formation.
  • Sunlight: White light composed of seven colours (spectrum). Newton's disc.

4.0Internal Assessments

Out of 100 marks in the final results of class VII, 20 come from the internal assessments, making them an important part of the NCERT Solutions Class 7 Science Syllabus. These 20 marks are further divided into four parts of 5 marks each in various types of evaluation processes, which are: 

*The type of internal assessment can vary from school to school, but the structure and format remain the same as per the CBSE protocols. 

5.0Beyond NCERTs: Study Aids for Class VII

Understanding Science requires more than just reading chapters—it involves exploring, experimenting, and understanding concepts from every angle. Fortunately, nowadays students can explore a variety of study resources that can make science both easy and exciting, some of them include: 

1. NCERT Exemplar Problems: These are essential for higher practice. Based on the Class 7 NCERT science syllabus, they have higher-order questions testing reasoning, application, and logic.
2. Reference Books: Properly organised science manuals serve to explain difficult ideas simply. They have additional illustrations, solved examples, and practice problems that aid in better understanding.
3. Worksheets and Homework Assignments: Topic-based worksheets following each chapter reinforce what you've learned and allow you to gauge your understanding of the material.
4. Online Science Labs: Virtual lab software replicates real-life CBSE experiments, allowing students to conduct experiments such as measuring temperature or watching chemical changes, directly from their screens.
5. Flashcards and Terminology Tables: These allow you to rapidly revise key terms, scientific categorisations, units, and formulas—ideal for last-minute preparation.
6. Mind Maps and Flowcharts: These visual aids simplify intricate processes such as photosynthesis, digestion, or reproduction and connections become easier to remember.
7. Home-based Science Activities: Attempt simple experiments, such as testing water purification, studying plant growth, or making a simple electric circuit, to try your learning hands-on.
8. Science Journals or Notebooks: Having a daily or weekly science notebook aids in summarising ideas in your own words and recording doubts and observations.
9. Sample Papers & Mock Tests: Regular attempts at periodic tests based on the class 7 science NCERT syllabus enhance speed, confidence, and acquaintance with test patterns.
10. Peer Discussions and Group Quizzes: Learning in groups fosters discussion, removal of doubts, and enhanced retention of difficult topics.

6.0Benefits of Knowing the Class 7 Science Syllabus Early

Pre-awareness of the syllabus is an important aspect of scoring well in exams, as knowing what to study is the first step toward studying well, and here are the reasons why: 

• Sets a Clear Roadmap: There are 13 chapters in the Class 7 NCERT science syllabus. The syllabus then serves as a systematic guide. You are aware of what you need to do and can prevent wasting time on undesired material.
• Enhances Time Management: Once you know which chapters are included in Term 1 and Term 2, you can split your preparation accordingly and prevent cramming at the end.
• Assists in Wise Revision: Syllabus-driven preparation enables you to make customised notes, diagrams, and flashcards according to what truly counts for your exam.
• Prepares You for Exams: Knowing the term-wise syllabus division of the class 7th syllabus science enables you to predict which chapters are going to be covered in each cycle test, midterm, or final exam.

7.0Prep Tips for You Term-End Exams

• Be aware of the Class 7 Science syllabus for both terms, mark the chapters for term 1 and term 2, separately. 
• Science works on understanding, not memorising, so learn the “why” of a process rather than “what”. 
• Diagrams are the greatest help when it comes to science. Use them to visualise the various concepts of science. 
• Make sure to revise and write important formulas and definitions regularly, as these may help you tackle the numerical problems of Physics or Chemistry. 
• Practice every NCERT and, if possible, Exemplar Questions; this can improve your question-writing skills in exams. 
• Attempt time-bound sample and previous year sample papers, as soon as you complete your syllabus, to improve speed, accuracy and time management. 
• Identify and mark your weak areas to revisit or clarify them later.